Acute renal failure common major complications

Most of acute renal failure after oliguria period (or urine period), more urine and convalescence period of three development stages, acute renal failure in the oliguria which may be the complications are: (1) infection is the most common and serious complications of the more common in severe trauma, such as burns caused by the decomposition of high-acute renal failure. (2) cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmia, heart failure, pericarditis, hypertension, (3) neurological complications performance of a headache, lethargy, muscle convulsions, coma, epilepsy, and so on. Neurological complications and toxins in the body and the retention of water poisoning, electrolyte disturbance and acid-base balance-related disorders. (4) digestive complications for the performance of anorexia, nausea, vomit Qu, abdominal distention, hematemesis or blood in the stool, because of gastrointestinal bleeding is more or mucosal erosion caused by the stress ulcer. (5) blood complications due to the rapid decline of renal function, can reduce erythropoietin, causing anemia, but the majority is not serious. A small number of cases because of clotting factor reduction, may have bleeding tendencies. (6) electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, a hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and severe acidosis, acute renal failure in one of the most dangerous complications. In more than urine period, with daily urine up to 3000-5000 ml, because of the large number of discharged water and electrolyte, there can be dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and, if not promptly added that patients could die of severe dehydration And electrolyte imbalance.

How the diagnosis of acute renal failure?

Acute renal failure - (ARF) refers to a variety of reasons led to a sharp decline in kidney function, resulting in a series of metabolites of retention, water and electrolyte disorders, such as acid-base balance the performance of a clinical syndrome. ARF currently accepted standards for the diagnosis: a few days to several weeks glomerular filtration sexual function was a sharp decline in serum creatinine increase daily 44-88 umol / L (0.5-1.0mg/dl). Where any clinical encounter with a azotemia and sexual increase, in consultation before the ARF, first of all to exclude chronic renal failure and chronic renal insufficiency based on the role of certain incentives to the rapid deterioration of kidney function , For ABF and ambiguous history of chronic renal failure of the identification of type-B ultrasonic examination at this time kidney size (especially renal cortical thickness) and serum creatinine (3-4 to reflect on before serum creatinine level) tests Would be helpful. Increased or renal normal, normal creatinine nail for acute renal failure, renal or normal narrow, nail creatinine levels increased, compared with chronic renal failure. Besides calcium, phosphorus, metabolic disorders, anemia extent also for reference. ARF diagnosis after the establishment - is its focus on diagnosis, including kidney ago, after the kidney and renal substance of three categories. The former refers to the kidney renal insufficiency and kidney effectively reduce blood volume caused ARF; organic but has not yet led to kidney disease. After the kidney and urinary tract obstruction that caused the ARF. Renal tubular substantive means of various diseases, interstitial renal tubules small vascular lesions caused by ARF. At this point should be based on more detailed history and physical examination, urine test, blood biochemical and imaging examination, and other comprehensive judgement, clear as early as possible causes. After the kidney of the ARF shall first row, in particular the absence of renal ischemia and history of exposure to toxic kidney patients. Medical examination on the bladder is filling, and imaging examination. (Including B-ultrasound, CT and abdominal plain film), and so help to determine whether there after the kidney of the ARF. Before the ARF kidney and renal of substantive ARF (especially that of acute renal necrosis) in the differential diagnosis index based on urine tests and rehydration. Kidney ago of a blood volume are often inadequate or do not take heart function, Niaobi Chong ≥ 1.18, urinary sodium <2> 40, renal failure index <1,> 40 mEq / L, urine osmolality <400> 1, Urinary sodium excretion scores of> 1. Of course, these indicators are not absolute. Shitomae not stay in the use of drugs such as diuretics and mannitol, otherwise interfere with the results. Shock individual patients can not collect urine, can be measured to support the identification of central venous pressure, kidney before those of less than 0.49 kPa, and renal substantive ARF, normal or high. Clinical difficult to identify substantive kidney and renal of the former, to be careful rehydration 500-1000 ml, if the blood volume of patients has been corrected, and normal blood pressure and urine output is still small, azotemia no improvement in the support of renal ARF. Except in the kidney and kidney after the previous offerings of the ARF. After considering for renal ARF, acute renal tubular necrosis substantive ARF is the most common causes. Kidney qualitative ARF process by lesions can be divided into four types: renal disease (such as acute renal necrosis), renal disease (such as drug allergies acute interstitial nephritis), glomerular diseases (such as severe Acute nephritis, radical nephritis) and renal disease: (such as kidney vasculitis and microvascular disease). Then it is necessary to ascertain whether the ARF kidney substantive secondary to systemic diseases such as lupus nephritis, Purpura nephritis, which helps correct and timely treatment. Of unknown etiology, renal function can not explain the reasons for the sharp decline in patients confirmed to have no obvious bleeding tendencies such as contraindications are advised to visit renal biopsy, which is the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the most reliable method. In addition to ARF diagnosis but also to carry out sub-type, mainly referring to kidney substantive ARF. In accordance with changes in urine can be divided into oliguria ARF-00 ml/24h) and non-oliguric type (> 400 ml/24h); metabolic basis of the situation at "high catabolism" and "non-high-catabolism" ARF, the former principal Characterized by blood urea nitrogen increased more than 14.3 mmol L-1 .. d_1 serum creatinine increase greater than 177 um0L. l.d_1, potassium increased more than 1-2 mmol. L.d_1, plasma HCq-dropped more than 2,5 nanol.L.d_1, which do not meet the above criteria. Decomposition of high-ARF to active use of alternative treatment, such as the continuous replacement therapy, arteriovenous hemofiltration, rather than the election of peritoneal dialysis, this type of treatment to choose.

In clinical acute renal failure What are the risk factors?

Acute renal failure (ARF) are common, involving internal and external, UNIFEM, UNICEF, transmission and trauma, and other disciplines. ARF often before there are certain risk factors, with these risk factors may be known as the ARF are Yizhi the high-risk groups, attention to these risk factors, be properly handled, can prevent the occurrence of ARF. These risk factors are: ① the elderly and child care: the elderly kidney function degradation, drug detoxification and the reduced ability of the sensitivity of renal toxicity of drugs, vulnerable to ARF. Child care easier, there dehydration, low blood pressure, such as the shortage of blood volume; ② low blood volume: a variety of reasons caused by bleeding, kidney and gastrointestinal fluid loss, loss of skin liquid (such as burns, excessive sweating), causing hemorrhagic Inadequate. Low blood volume, reduce kidney blood flow, GFR decline, while sympathetic excitement and vasopressin increased from renal vasoconstriction, GFR decline further, and induce ARF; ③ cycle of dysfunction: a variety of reasons arising from the shock , Heart failure, and other cycle dysfunction, caused by lack of renal perfusion, GFR decline. Excessive use of antihypertensive drug-induced is also a factor; ④ serious infection and sepsis: serious infections, particularly those with sepsis by kidney and renal toxicity mechanism of ischemia induced by ARF; ⑤ severe trauma: such as burns, crush injury, a serious fracture As such as shock, infection and trauma organizations release of myoglobin, and so prone to ARF. Severe burns, massive loss of liquid and intravascular hemolysis also vulnerable to ARF; (6) after surgery: the incidence of serious, narcotic and sedative drug use, tissue trauma, loss of, so that factors such as surgical blood loss after major surgery-prone ARF . Renal failure after heart surgery depends on the opportunities Cardiopulmonary short time and after the recovery of heart function; ⑦ obstetric complications: early pregnancy abortion pollution rhyme: Advanced serious pregnant while in high, bleeding, pain and other complications of both easy-induced ARF; ⑧ cirrhosis and ascites: This Plasma renin - Zhang renal-vascular - aldosterone system has been activated, such as vasopressin lead to increased secretion of kidney Shuinazhuliu. Liver dysfunction drug detoxification ability. At this point if ascites put too much too fast can easily induce ARF, the use of renal toxicity of these patients also vulnerable to drug ARF; ⑨ renal toxicity of drugs: the use of renal toxicity of drugs such as aminoglycoside drugs, imaging agents and cephalosporins Streptozotocin antibiotics, particularly in the elderly, child care, dehydration, diabetes, cirrhosis, kidney disease have been particularly dangerous when those applications, easy-induced ARF; ⑩ kidney diseases: chronic kidney disease can often affect the self-regulatory function of the kidney, Or certain diseases aggravated by additional factors (infections, urinary tract obstruction, water electrolyte disturbance and renal toxicity of drug use , Etc.) and induced ARF. Nephrotic syndrome associated with idiopathic acute renal failure in recent years, attention can be effective because of insufficient blood volume cycle, the type of tubular obstruction, renal interstitial edema and renal tubular oppression vein thrombosis, and other mechanisms to nephrotic syndrome In ARF, that kidney disease should be regarded as an independent risk factor. In addition, the use of older BPH anticholinergic drugs, renal hypertension use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, abuse of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclosporin and excessive chemotherapy drug-induced acute hyperuricemia , And so on are easily induced ARF.

Acute renal failure What are the main clinical manifestations?

Acute renal failure (ARF) the clinical manifestations usually can be summarized as three types: (1) of urine ARF to oliguria (urine output of less than 400 ml / day) or urine (urine output of less than lOOml / day) for the notable features, generally after oliguria (or urine period), polyuria period and Three clinical stage of recovery. Oliguria usually last three days to -1 months, an average of about 10 days, oliguria of key performance for the period: ① Shuinazhuliu: performance for the whole body swelling. High blood pressure, and so on. Pulmonary edema and cerebral edema and often life-threatening heart failure, leading to death is the main indigenous resistance; ② electrolyte imbalance: including hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia and high phosphorus hyperlipidemia; hyperkalemia Often the first cause of death oliguria; ③ metabolic acidosis: acid metabolite accumulation in the body caused by infection and organization to undermine the will increase the acid poisoning. Acid poisoning can be expressed as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, sleepiness, and deep breathing, there can be a serious shock, blood pressure drop; ④ uremic symptoms: for a variety of toxins in the body caused by accumulation of body systems poisoning symptoms . Nitrification system, including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, diarrhea, etc.; respiratory including difficulty breathing, coughing, chest pain, pneumonia, such as uremia; circulatory system, including arrhythmia, heart failure, and so on the nervous system including the disturbance of consciousness, Restless, Zhan language, such as twitching. Into the urine of more than a day after the urine up to 3000至5000 mL, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine gradually decline, uremia symptoms gradually dissipated. Due to large number of urine and water electrolysis Qualitative from, there can be dehydration, low potassium, such as hyponatremia, if not promptly added that patients can die from dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Into the recovery phase after the blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels returned to normal, tubular epithelial cell regeneration and repair, renal function fully restored in about six months to one year's time, a small number of patients could be left over from various degrees of renal dysfunction. (2) non-oliguric part of ARF cases of non-oliguric or non-performance of urine, only a short period of time for the performance of creatinine clearance rate decreased rapidly, drop by up to 50 percent below normal, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen rapidly Elevated serum creatinine increase in the daily rate of more than 44-88 mmol / L, known as non-oliguric this type of ARF, clinical manifestations relatively light, often easily misdiagnosed. (3) decomposition of ARF cases have occurred in the part of organizations increased catabolism extreme circumstances, the daily rate of increase in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were> 14.3 mmol / L and> lUmol / L known as the decomposition of high-ARF, usually Found in the area of injury; burns, major surgery after a serious infection and may, for the performance of serious metabolic acidosis and electrolyte imbalance, poisoning symptoms significantly, especially in the nervous system prominent, and can be expressed as drowsiness, coma, convulsions, epilepsy - Like attack, hyperreflexia, or diminish, and so on.

Clinical common acute renal failure What are the causes?

From acute renal failure (ARF) diagnosis and treatment point of view, will lead to acute renal failure causes divided into three categories: First, before the kidneys of AIIP, the former lead to kidney A11P of the main reasons are: (1), lack of effective blood volume, common in the gastrointestinal tract body fluids lost the use of diuretics, extensive burns, hypoproteinemia, and so on. (2) heart failure, found in cardiac disease, heart valve abnormalities, such as cardiac tamponade. (3) systemic vascular expansion, found in sepsis, allergic reactions, such as anesthesia accident. (4) renal artery contraction led to renal ischemia. Second, the kidney substantive ARF, ARF lead to kidney substantive are the main reasons: (1) of acute renal necrosis, found in acute renal ischemia, the use of renal toxicity of drugs, heavy metal poisoning, and so on. (2) bilateral renal cortical necrosis, found in the placenta early peeling, such as severe shock. (3> tubulointerstitial disease, found in drug-mediated acute allergic reactions, infections and systemic diseases. (4) kidney disease, renal artery embolization and found thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis and microvascular disease, and so on. (5) glomerular diseases, leading to the primary A11F glomerular diseases radical type nephritis, after infection nephritis, IgA nephropathy, the proliferation of film, such as nephritis. Secondary nephropathy such as lupus nephritis, such as purpura nephritis. Third, after the kidney of the ARF, ARF and lead to kidney after the main reasons include: (1) ureteral stones incarcerated, and so on. (2) BPH. (3) urinary tract and urinary tract injury after surgery. (4) tumor suppression.

Diabetes-caused liver disease

It was published in the Journal of the American Diabetes Association "Diabetes Care" on an academic paper, in a variety of oral hypoglycemic agents treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, all kinds of liver disease rate significantly higher. In this study, British researchers to 44,406 a variety of oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of type 2 Diabetic patients with a follow-up investigation. The results showed that 605 inspections identified by lesions in the liver, due to Here, the liver disease incidence rate of 53.2 / 10,000 years. This occurred in 605 patients with liver disease , 186 asymptomatic patients, had a mild liver damage; 249 patients with a risk of Transfer; 113 patients there are other causes of liver damage. Of these, 57 patients with type 2 diabetes Liver disease may be caused by their use of drug-induced, and therefore, drug-induced liver disease incidence rate of 5.0/10000 years. 57 occurred in the liver of the cases, 11 cases are caused by other drugs, eight patients with liver problems from diabetes caused by fatty liver caused by the remaining patients, leading to liver disease causes ominous. In this 57 patients, 51 patients with oral hypoglycemic agents to continue treatment. There are two patients with liver problems can not be sure of the ground caused by oral hypoglycemic agents. Therefore, these studies show that oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, in the Types of liver diseases pose a higher risk, although not all of these liver disease is caused by oral hypoglycemic agents, but in patients with type 2 diabetes, liver and kidney toxicity choose a lower oral hypoglycemic agents is very important The.

Diabetes why there lactic acidosis

Why do diabetic patients prone to lactic acidosis » (1) diabetic patients with glucose metabolism barriers, obstacles and make lactic acid oxidation and Xie defects, there is usually a high lactic acidosis. (2) acute diabetic complications, such as infections, such as ketoacidosis, could result in milk Acid accumulation, inducing lactic acidosis. (3) chronic diabetic complications, such as the merger of the heart, liver, kidney diseases, blood glycosylated Red protein levels increased, resulting in hypoxic tissues and organs, cause lactic acid production increased liver and kidney Gong Obstacles can also affect the lactate metabolism, and the transformation from, leading to lactic acidosis.

Diabetes complications of acute and chronic complications

It is well known that diabetes on human health have great harm, but if you let your diabetes specifically to the harm performance in any place, some patients may also not an accurate say, it is because diabetes is often a kind of indirect harm performance. Diabetes as a chronic, often on the disease itself will not bring the number of patients inconvenience, or even many are unaware of the disease, many patients even know they suffer from diabetes also did not agree, usually do not pay attention to The necessary checks and the right treatment. As everyone knows is bound to cause diabetes if things continue this way the real harm to the human body - acute and chronic complications of diabetes. When a diabetic complications, regret has been Wan Yi. Every year, many diabetic patients with diabetes because of the ignorance, and pay a heavy price. So, please bear in mind patients: diabetes Jibei harm is not to drink water, toilets and more on several occasions, but it brought all kinds of acute and chronic complications. Acute complications can be life-threatening weight, chronic complications can be re-disabled. Complications of acute and chronic complications: The acute diabetic complications, including diabetic ketoacidosis (common type 1 diabetes), diabetes hyperosmolar coma (common type 2 diabetes), all kinds of acute infection and lactic acidosis, and so on. Also in the treatment of diabetes in the process of hypoglycemia is the most common serious complication of acute. Lactic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes is served in large doses Shuanggua Lei hypoglycemic drugs, in particular hypoglycemic Ling (acetophenone double guanidine) in the process of a severe acute complications, the incidence rate is very low, but once in mortality Very high. Before the invention of insulin in 1921, the majority of type 1 diabetes patients died of acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. With the clinical application of insulin, acute complications of diabetes greatly improved the prognosis, as long as patients do not arbitrarily suspended or reduced insulin dose of insulin, acute complications to the hospital after medical treatment in time, the treatment of timely and correct, the overwhelming majority of patients can Cured, died of acute complications in patients with decreased significantly. The book focuses on the most common low blood sugar, ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma. Chronic complications of diabetes including diabetic eye disease, diabetes, kidney disease, diabetic neuropathy, diabetes, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases limbs, diabetes and skin lesions, and so on foot. Chronic complications in patients with blood sugar is a poor long-term control of the cumulative result is the future of diabetic patients maimed, the main reason for decline in the quality of life. Clinical studies show that: If patients with long-term effective control of blood sugar, will be able to prevent or delay the complications of chronic and development. The book focuses on diabetic eye disease, kidney disease, neuropathy, foot lesions and heart and brain lesions.

The harm from diabetes complications

Diabetes high complication rate, resulting in high death rate and high morbidity. Research shows that 10 years after onset diabetes, 30% to 40% of patients in at least a complication. Neuropathy prevalence of diabetes in the course of five years, 10, 20 respectively to reach 30% to 40%, 60% to 70% and 90%. Retinopathy in the course of 10 years and 15 years later, 40% to 50% and 70% to 80% of patients with the disease. About 10 percent of patients in the onset after 15 years will develop into a serious visual impairment, and 2 percent of patients will be completely blind. Micro-proteinuria is a sign of diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria in the course of the emergence of 10 and 20 can reach 10 percent to 30 percent and 40 percent, and 20 after a 5% to 10% of patients from deteriorating into end-stage renal disease. Adolescence incidence of diabetes at the age of 50 to 40 percent for the development of serious kidney disease, need to hemodialysis and kidney transplantation, it can only face death. In addition, patients with diabetes in cardiovascular disease risk than the general population increased by two to four times, and age of onset in advance. As the blood vessels and patients with diabetes neuropathy, often leads to foot ulcers, then amputation. From the cause of death, the diabetic patients, the cause of death is complications. Among them, ischemic heart disease patients with diabetes is the main reason why the death of the diabetic patients died of 60 percent to 80 percent. Cerebrovascular disease caused about 10 per cent of the deaths, the mortality rate of non-diabetic patients 2 times. Diabetic nephropathy general of the 10% of the total death to 30 percent, the smaller the age of onset, diabetes, kidney lead to the higher proportion of deaths.

On the number of acute diabetic complications

Now friends in old age, more and more diabetic patients, due to the improvement of living and air pollution, changes in the structure of our diet, the proportion of diabetic patients is increasing. Many patients know they are diabetic, many patients do not know they are diabetic, but also in blood sugar gradually increased. That is why diabetes is in proportion with the increase, in the life of some of the attention of some people who do not pay attention, so give rise to other complications, especially infections in time, there will be diabetic diseases. Today, older friends to talk about a number of pre-diabetes disease symptoms. What is the disease of diabetes » If diabetes patients to other diseases, including infection. The most common is the elderly friends pneumonia, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections when there is inflammation of the time, the body needs some high metabolic state, this time because of his own in the lack of insulin secretion, or some other role, not in, In these infections and high metabolic state, with some of the metabolic disorder, this time there will be two very important diseases: diabetes is one of ketoacidosis, and diabetes is a matter of high Yun Mi. When these two diseases, there is a very dangerous time, but in the event of the two disease before there will be some of the early symptoms. Diabetes in the two most common disease of the incentive is infected. When elderly friend has obvious diarrhea, vomiting, urine output increased significantly, the increase in the number of urine, Jingshenbuzhen, loss of appetite, is likely to have diabetes disease of the earliest symptoms. When these Attraction appear after infection, diabetes blood sugar rapidly increased, the high renal diuretic, a significant increase in urine volume, the increase in the number of urine, he usually significantly higher than that of the state, this time in the elderly This situation, we must bring a high degree of attention. Qualified for the patient to have blood sugar, urine sugar test paper, usually their own testing of patients must also pay attention to, check their blood sugar and urine sugar. Some elderly people in search of the paper on the urine sugar testing is also available in ketosis, look at the same time have the appearance of ketosis ketone, is not a merger of ketosis, which is the second step the symptoms.

The main impact of coronary heart disease risk factors of diabetes

Diabetes and atherosclerosis from the link between clinical and pathological and epidemiological been proven. The study observed that the age of 36 to 62-year-old diabetic patients, both men and women, different age groups of cardiovascular disease morbidity rates were higher than those in non-diabetic group. Some follow-up study showed that patients suffering from diabetes increased the risk of coronary heart disease, but also with the severity of coronary heart disease. High blood sugar increases the incidence of coronary heart disease, the mechanism is not yet very clear. Insulin - abnormal glucose between the impact of the artery wall cells and the metabolism of certain substances synthesis, is likely to promote atherosclerosis reasons.

Diabetic ketoacidosis What are the incentives?

The main incentives are as follows: (1) infection: the most common infection upper respiratory infection, lung infection, purulent skin infections, gastrointestinal system of acute infection, acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and acute urethritis. (2) all kinds of stress: surgery, trauma, burns, fractures, anesthesia, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents and with hyperthyroidism, and so on. (3) unreasonable diet: eat more sugar or fatty food excessive or too restrictive carbohydrate (daily staple <100>

What is diabetic hyperosmolar coma features?

Features are as follows: (1) Symptoms: Severe high blood sugar, severe dehydration, accompanied by nervous system symptoms, a high plasma osmotic pressure, no ketosis. (2) types: more than occurred in non-insulin-dependent elderly patients with diabetes, prone to misdiagnosis. (3) history: only mild diabetes or no previous history of diabetes, and hyperosmolar coma as the first symptom for governance. (4) conditions: incidence rate is lower than ketoacidosis, but the high mortality rate. (5) prognosis: improper treatment, in more than 24 to 48 hours of death. Poor prognosis.

What are the risk of diabetes in patients with skin diseases?

Diabetes common skin diseases are: 1, diabetes and diabetes is the most common skin disease of the skin lesions, accounting for about 50 percent of patients with diabetes, men more than women, generally no clinical symptoms. The disease is characterized by lower limbs remote stretch of multiple skin pigmentation. Initially lesions for the round or oval dark red papules, followed by a dark brown under the shrinking dance spot. In the treatment of diabetes treatment is mainly positive. 2, skin infections in patients with diabetes risk of bacterial and fungal skin infections, illness than the general treatment of patients with serious and difficult, will also increase the diabetes condition and difficult to control. Is a common bacterial infection of Staphylococcus aureus infection, clinical performance for skin boils carbuncle, gangrene and cellulitis, folliculitis, and so on. Fungal infections including dermatophytes disease and skin mucosal candidiasis, such as genital inflammation, the glans Yan, the glans erosion and a ditch Yandeng. 3, itchy skin disease in patients with diabetes about five percent of a skin itch. Into generalized itching and itching limitations. The former more common in elderly patients with diabetes may be related to diabetes neuropathy cause skin drying on the latter more common in women with diabetes, often associated with partial beads Rainbow infection. 4, diabetes, hardening of edema about 5 percent of the diabetic patients in this disease, more common in adults and obese patients in the dermal collagen fibers between acid mucopolysaccharidosis type, especially hyaluronidase calm a mucin Calmly disease. Occurred mainly in the neck, upper back and shoulder, or pale skin Danhong, a non-glossy surface pitting hard swelling, thickening organizations. 5, vascular obstacles arising from the skin of diabetic gangrene, diabetes fatty atrophy, diabetes, skin Chaohong, purpura, diabetes sex fat progressive necrosis, such as diabetic bullae. 6, fat metabolism disorders caused by diabetes and yellow skin tumors, eyelid macular tumor, composed of carotenoids. 7, caused by diabetic neuropathy and no Khan disease, diabetes and nerve ulcer.

Why is prone to high blood pressure diabetes

Diabetic patients with hypertension prevalence rate of twice the non-diabetic patients, patients with hypertension and diabetes prevalence rate of the peak earlier than the normal 10 appear, and those with hypertension occurred more myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents and large peripheral vascular disease And accelerate retinopathy and kidney disease occurrence and development, a fact that has attracted people's attention. So, why diabetes is prone to hypertension » ① As glucose metabolism disorders can accelerate the renal artery and systemic atherosclerosis small, peripheral resistance increased, high blood pressure. ② high blood sugar can increase blood volume, kidney overload, Shuinazhuliu, eventually can cause high blood pressure. High blood pressure and cardiac output and peripheral resistance related. Cardiac output without increasing the peripheral blood pressure change can cause increased peripheral resistance without increasing cardiac output or blood volume changes may also increase blood pressure, diabetes patients have these two changes, so will the rapid blood pressure Rise and cause serious complications. On the other hand, hypertension can increase the damage caused by diabetes, including its small blood vessels and the impact of the kidney, forming a vicious cycle, in order to interrupt this vicious cycle, we must actively control diabetes, the body organizations to try to improve insulin sensitivity, Should also be effective in controlling blood pressure, so that they will reach normal range, but the impact should avoid the use of insulin metabolism of antihypertensive drugs such as diuretics, such as thiadiazole dihydrochloride grams of urine. In addition, appropriate exercise and reduce the weight of hypertension and diabetes is also very important measures. On the one hand it can improve the body's sensitivity to insulin organizations to reduce insulin and other hypoglycemic agents dose of the other mild to moderate hypertension significantly reduce blood pressure, diabetic with hypertension, should adhere to the appropriate campaign And weight control, and other non-drug treatment.

Uremia trigger diabetes care

Diabetes and end-stage renal disease (uremia) does not seem coherent of these two diseases has a very close ties. Recently held in Shanghai on the latest progress on the protection of kidney seminar on the latest statistics show that every three out of uremia patients one by the development of diabetic kidney from diabetes led to kidney has become the end-stage renal disease Primary factor. According to the participants to experts, China is a high incidence of diabetes in Asia one of the countries, there are currently about 30 million diabetic patients, of which over 90 percent for type 2 diabetes. As type 2 diabetes not a typical "a little over 3" (drinking, eating, urinating, less weight) symptoms, as many as 67 percent of diabetes patients have not been diagnosed. Even if the diabetes is diagnosed, in treatment and only less than one-quarter of the patients with microalbuminuria urine test for early detection of diabetic nephropathy this fatal complications. At the same time, more than half of the patients with diabetes have high blood pressure, the choice of antihypertensive drugs have little concern to the kidneys, heart and other target organ protection. To this end, the experts urged doctors must quickly update their knowledge in the treatment of diabetes preferred to completely block the main culprits leading to diabetic nephropathy treatment of angiotensin II, to minimize and delay the occurrence of diabetes and kidney development .

After a pregnant how to do the uterine fibroids

After a pregnancy to check uterine fibroids, which should be dealt with in accordance with pregnancy, fibroids size, clinical performance, and other factors. l, early pregnancy the treatment of uterine fibroids: early pregnancy for uterine fibroids-led intervention in abortion, it can wait until the second trimester. If the fibroids large, estimated to pregnancy complications, the more opportunities, such as patients require abortion can be done to termination of pregnancy, short-term experts fibroids extraction, or do abortions at the same time line fibroids extraction. 2, the medium-term pregnancy treatment of uterine fibroids: ① fibroids less than 6 cm in diameter, and asymptomatic, regular prenatal care, the vast majority do not need special treatment: ② fibroids than 6 cm in diameter, with the growth of uterine fibroids may continue to increase, while large fibroids easy to change a red-and stimulates uterine contractions or peritoneal irritation, referred to only when the obstetrician suggested bedridden patients Application of rest and pain agent to conservative treatment, very few proposals in pregnancy to myomectomy surgery, only a last resort in cases of才行fibroids removed. 3, late pregnancy treatment of uterine fibroids: Small fibroids may be disregarded. Such as fibroids than eight centimeters in diameter, without any symptoms, can wait until the term at a Cesarean section, while surgery to remove uterine fibroids. Because of large uterine fibroids, not only may affect the uterus to contract, production of abnormal and stagnation of production, but also stranded in the placenta after childbirth, postpartum hemorrhage and the possibility of post-natal infection were more than normal mothers. Individual circumstances, may also be difficult to control because of postpartum hemorrhage after childbirth or forced removal of uterine infection. Therefore, the delivery mode suitable to elective caesarean section, cesarean section at the same time for removal of fibroids.

Uterine fibroids on the impact of pregnancy

Uterine fibroids female genital mutilation is the most common benign tumor. If pregnant women suffering from the disease after a small uterine fibroids may grow up quickly, because the uterus during pregnancy, very rich blood supply. Then, uterine fibroids have any impact on pregnancy? » Fibroids, including the impact of pregnancy: a high abortion rate, Abnormal Fetal Position unrighteousness (the tumor may be squeezed, and activities restricted by the fetus), to produce high rate of caesarean section rate (due to fibroids are likely to block production, so that Poor fetal head drop), the amount of postpartum hemorrhage (because the impact of uterine fibroids shrink), the high incidence of puerperal infection. Therefore pregnant women suffer from uterine fibroids should be noted: ① after pregnancy must act in accordance with the requirements of regular medical checks during pregnancy, in order to make the best of their fetus and the growth of fibroids, take timely measures. ② strict control of life, to the extent possible, reduce the incidence of abortion and the risk of infection. ③ avoid moderate and moderately above the manual, if necessary, bed rest. ④ increase nutrition, especially the little blood eat food, such as blood tofu, animal liver, Chinese wolfberry jujube porridge, Zhima Jiang, Shepherd's Purse, spinach, etc., to deal with potential hemorrhage preparations for the body. ⑤ good psychological adjustment, to raise their awareness of the psychological endurance capacity. Because of uterine fibroids with pregnancy abortion, and other abnormal pregnancy rates significantly higher than normal Group. In addition, we must do a good job psychologically prepared to accept the cesarean section. In a sense to temper their pregnancy, the character, Lian on open mind and optimistic and uplifting attitude. During pregnancy, because the original uterine fibroids grow up, once the formation of thrombus, it will lead to uterine fibroids in a "red degeneration," and this is an emergency situation, in a short period of time necessary to make rapid and accurate response, Is to immediately close to the hospital.

Cancerous uterine fibroids is unlikely

Gynecology clinics can sometimes see this in some patients, because of their anti-cancer in the census was found suffering from uterine fibroids that is on the "cancer" is very tense. In fact, not be afraid of uterine fibroids, it is most common in female pelvic a benign tumor, malignant rate is very low, only in the 0.2-1.39 percent in the married women of childbearing age in the average person out of a 4-5 Is uterine fibroids patients. Uterine fibroids may be different because of the location, but have different names, such as muscle intramural fibroids, subserosal fibroids, submucosal fibroids. Uterine sarcoma event fibroid degeneration, the tumor suddenly developed quickly, the rapid growth, the fibroids are the malignant potential. Most patients with uterine fibroids and asymptomatic, and some patients may be early symptoms. Of course, the symptoms shown by patients with fibroids are not necessarily proportional to the size and location of the fibroids are closely related. If submucosal fibroids may be earlier irregular vaginal bleeding; subserosal fibroids may be no symptoms of the Changde Hen and the muscle intramural fibroids such as larger tumor when have menorrhagia, is often associated with blood Block, the duration of the extension period, shorten the time interval. Patients can be found under accidental circumstances abdominal mass, such as uterine fibroids in the anterior of growth, and larger, they can pressure the bladder, the patient may appear frequency and urgency of the symptoms. Fibroids in normal circumstances no pain, but in the pedicle subserosal fibroids in torsion, can be acute abdominal cramps. Uterine fibroids can lead to patients in addition to the above symptoms, can cause infertility. Because of uterine fibroids can change shape and uterine cancer itself as a foreign body can prevent implantation Yunluan affect sperm motility. Therefore, in many patients with uterine fibroids can be removed after conception. So, what form of uterine fibroids? » Most experts believe that the continued substantial long-term estrogen stimulation, uterine fibroids are the main risk factors, particularly in the only role of estrogen and progesterone no role in it easier. In addition, the complex may also with other relevant factors. That being the case, women in their daily life should be taken to avoid estrogen to stimulate the ongoing situation, such as the use of contraceptives to avoid the use of a single estrogen; some postmenopausal women in order to prevent excessive shrinkage of reproductive tract, on their own drug abuse, particularly Use of estrogen, that this may ease the aging, is not so. Some women precisely because there is no medication under the guidance of a doctor caused the emergence of hidden dangers. Therefore women friends, with a certain disease to go to the hospital, the doctor diagnosed after treatment.

Uterine fibroids will naturally disappear?

In uterine fibroids may be caused by the body and estrogen-related disorders, and ovarian function that is a certain relationship. So most people think of postmenopausal ovarian function of the recession, the fibroids will gradually narrowing. In theory, that is, but by clinical observation, postmenopausal women with fibroids narrow it is not very clear, most of the fibroids and post-menopausal women before unchanged. However, due to the decline of ovarian function, the fibroids are no longer grown up. If the group after the menstrual fibroids continue to grow, he should promptly check, pay attention to whether fibroids malignant transformation. Therefore, the fibroids are not only pre-menopausal women should be regularly checked, even after menopause should be regularly checked.

Can remove fibroids after birth?

The incidence of uterine fibroids account for about 20 percent of women of childbearing age to 25 percent, mostly in age between 30 to 50-year-old. Fibroids affect pregnancy, fibroids and the location, size, number of related. For example, cervical fibroids could affect sperm into the uterine cavity, submucosal fibroids easy to endometrial infection Yunluan not conducive to implantation, the giant multiple tubal uterine fibroids easy to be squeezed between the quality of the sperm and prejudice through. Some scholars believe that uterine fibroids can muscle wall or endometrial vein congestive expansion, resulting in the womb environment conducive to change without Yunluan implantation, or the result of embryonic development insufficiency abortion, the abortion rate of non-pregnant women of fibroids 2 Or three times, and often do not complete abortion. Big muscular, fibroids or submucosal fibroids in the uterus can hinder fetal activities, resulting in Abnormal Fetal Position unrighteousness, such as cross-bit, breech presentation, and so increase the cesarean section. In the course of delivery, due to uterine fibroids affect the normal contraction, the birth process can extend the pelvic incarcerated in the middle, fibroids can be blocked, causing dystocia. Uterine fibroids can also affect postpartum contraction, the cause of postpartum hemorrhage or uterine involution bad. If the impact of uterine fibroids surface drainage or ulceration, also vulnerable to infection. Pregnancy on fibroids are also affected. Pregnancy after uterine fibroids edema, smooth muscle hypertrophy, is often accompanied by uterine fibroids increases with the increase due to fibroids in pregnancy increased faster and insufficiency, resulting in degeneration, which changed the most in red - Common, the patient may appear fever, headache, vomiting, local tenderness and interleukin increased symptoms such as acute abdomen. From the visible, the uterine fibroids do have a certain impact on fertility, should be actively treated. For the following 40 years of age and that they have requested, genital function in patients with normal, to avoid excessive growth of fibroids, promptly remove fibroids can improve reproductive function, and prevent the future occurrence of pregnancy when the fibroids red degeneration or secondary infection. Some patients worry that the number of multiple fibroids not suitable for surgery, in fact, as long as the operation carefully, does not prevent the removal. With the development of minimally invasive surgery and surgery to improve the way, many fibroids can be removed by laparoscopic or hysteroscope, the trauma of the patient than in the past has been greatly reduced. To remove fibroids recurrence of 30.4 percent, mostly in the five years after the recurrence of age at the time of surgery is less than 30 years of age or multiple fibroids are more easily relapse. Although fibroids removed, patients can improve reproductive function, but there are still some of the body is conducive to the growth of fibroids, after some time interval fibroids may grow, so after three years at the suitable moment of conception. Nearly 80 percent of patients able to maintain pregnancy to full term. Many patients worry about surgical scar in pregnancy or childbirth will be broken, but research shows pregnancy after one year after the uterine rupture rate of only 1.5 percent. Therefore, the fibroids removed in the women under the guidance of doctors, after contraceptive to be six months or one year after pregnancy. If during pregnancy, delivery period in abdominal pain or tenderness, will have to guard against the possibility of uterine rupture.

Uterine fibroids can cause infertility?

Uterine fibroids are the most common female genital mutilation in a benign tumor, more than occurred in middle-aged women, the common age of 35 to 45 years old, infertile women is particularly . Uterine fibroids grow from the myometrium, therefore, at the beginning, many in the uterine muscle wall, the vast majority are growing up in the body of the uterus, only 1 percent to 2 percent of the growth of fibroids in the Department of cervical, uterine body With the fibroid tumors to the increase of growth in different directions, according to uterine muscle wall and the relationship between different name: ① muscle, uterine fibroids or muscle intramural uterine fibroids, accounting for about 60% to 70% . ② subserosal uterine fibroids, accounting for about 20 percent. ③ submucosal fibroids account for about 10 percent. Most of uterine fibroids for multiple, often the two or three kinds of fibroids exist. Most of asymptomatic uterine fibroids, only in the pelvic examination found that symptoms often associated with growth close to sites, such as submucous fibroids may be earlier irregular vaginal bleeding, subserosal fibroids can be very long no symptoms. Uterine fibroids often the symptoms are bleeding, abdominal tumor, adjacent organs may be oppressed in the corresponding symptoms, such as frequency, urine retention, constipation, ureter stagnant water, such as hydronephrosis. Fibroids under normal circumstances there is no pain, but if subserosal fibroids in torsion, can cause acute abdominal pain, mucous membrane myoma stimulate contractions in spasm of pain, fibroids red degeneration can cause severe pain when, Fibroids merger of endometriosis can cause dysmenorrhea. Leucorrhea uterine fibroids can cause more infections associated with fashion can have Nongxing Leucorrhea. Excessive bleeding can be a secondary symptom of anemia, such as dizziness, weakness, palpitations, and so on. About 25% to 35% of infertility patients with uterine fibroids. The reason may be due to fibroids impede fertilized egg implantation, or intrauterine deformation due to blocked fallopian tubes imported prevent sperm into the fallopian tube, such as fibroids close to serous layer is not too large impact on pregnancy. In addition, sometimes accompanied by uterine fibroids ovarian dysfunction, may also be one of the reasons for infertility.

Suffering from uterine fibroids can be pregnant?

Uterine fibroid is a benign tumor of the uterus, in women of childbearing age are common. The growth of fibroids sites such as tubal oppression affected sperm, the egg will cause the operation of infertility. Once able to pregnancy, during pregnancy with uterine fibroids growth, particularly in the Second Trimester, the rapid growth, "the degeneration", have abdominal pain, fever and other symptoms. Uterine fibroids sometimes also likely to cause abortion, premature. In general, women suffer from uterine fibroids, fibroids in the following four centimeters in diameter, can pregnancy. However, uterine fibroids grow up before the pregnancy has been more than four centimeters in diameter, during pregnancy grow up, and a degeneration of abortion, premature to increase or fibroids Although less than four centimeters in diameter, but the growth of bad parts, such as the intrauterine , Or cervical, or tubal impact of oppression, such as infertility, the best is to perform an operation to remove fibroids pregnancy. Where have uterine fibroids of women of childbearing age must gynaecologist before deciding whether to check the pregnancy.

Uterine fibroids when the cut ?

According to statistics, more than the 35-year-old middle-aged women, many people suffer from uterine fibroids. Deterioration of the risk of uterine fibroids is very small, generally less than 1%. Most fibroids do not have surgery, just regular follow-up inspection. When any of the following, it should accept the surgical treatment: 1, massive bleeding caused by uterine fibroids, or too much of the long-term, resulting in excessive menstrual anemia, and drugs can not cure. At this point, surgery resection is an effective solution. 2, Hysteromyoma long to fist size, resulting in other pelvic organs are oppressed, surgical resection symptoms can be lifted, but the large deterioration in the risk of fibroids than small to large fibroids. 3, fibroids grow too fast, or after menopause, not only did not shrink fibroids, but bigger. 4, childless women and all other normal inspection, this is probably the cause of infertility uterine fibroids. Uterine fibroids may be used to abortion. Removal of uterine fibroids whether or not to do with uterine » This depends on the location of fibroids, size, and with age, fertility, symptoms and severity of the decision. As to whether ovary and fallopian tube removal, to be more careful. Because the ovary is to maintain the main characteristics of the female organ, with both sides of ovarian, the main source of female hormones will be no need to take medicine or injections of the hormone supplement inadequate, therefore, as much as possible with ovarian general, especially under the age of 40 Women. Some patients think that when the uterus to retain cervical removal will not affect sex life. In fact, total hysterectomy, the vagina has not been reduced, and the life of the lubricating secretions from the vagina and genital wall near the Pakistan-gland, and the uterus does not matter. Therefore, the removal of the cervix did not affect sex life. In addition, cervical cancer is the No. 1 cancer of the reproductive system, thus there is no need to retain the same time with uterine cervix.

Cerebrovascular disease is the result of common diseases

⒈ hypertension and atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease is most common and the cause. Have information shows that 93 percent of patients with cerebral hemorrhage a history of hypertension, cerebral thrombosis patients have a history of hypertension 86 percent, 70 percent of cerebrovascular disease patients have a history of atherosclerosis. ⒉ heart disease, cerebral embolism is one of the main reasons. Rheumatic, hypertension, coronary heart disease and sub-acute bacterial endocarditis, and so on, are likely to have a mural thrombosis, heart failure or when there is atrial fibrillation, falling to thrombosis, arterial flow to the brain caused Embolism. As emboli can be repeated loss, so easy to relapse. ⒊ intracranial blood vessels due to abnormal development of aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain hemorrhage due to common diseases, and often repeated bleeding. ⒋ be violations of certain inflammatory meningeal, cerebrovascular, or separate violations of the brain caused cerebral artery vascular inflammation, as purulent, tuberculosis, rheumatism and fungal inflammation, can cause brain disease. ⒌ blood diseases like ITP, erythrocytosis, leukemia, often caused bleeding of the brain disease. In a small number of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. ⒍ metabolic diseases like diabetes, hyperlipemia, with cerebrovascular disease are closely related. According to reports, patients with cerebrovascular disease in 30 percent to 40 percent of patients with diabetes, arteriosclerosis and diabetes incidence rate five times higher than normal, arteriosclerosis in the earlier time than normal, compared with the extent of atherosclerosis Weight. ⒎ various injuries, poisoning, brain tumor, brain tumor after radiation therapy, can cause ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Cerebrovascular disease risk factors which

Cerebrovascular disease leading to many risk factors for acquisition, and its importance to screening, and then adopt various methods to eliminate or treating risk factors, cerebral blood disease prediction is an important measure. The risk factors for cerebrovascular disease risk factors that is at least more than 30, after a large number of medical investigations and epidemiological studies, on cerebrovascular disease risk factors have a broad understanding, as the United States will have the BSSchoenberg Professor Brain The number of vascular disease risk factors according to their order of importance of the following brief summary, an increase of cerebrovascular disease risk factors are hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, a transient ischemic attack, of exogenous estrogen (in oral contraceptives) ; Cerebrovascular disease may increase risk factors are high blood lipids, obesity, smoking, and so on. According to the 200 cases of stroke patients and patients with cerebrovascular disease-100 cases, a total of 300 cases of cerebrovascular disease risk factors findings of the impact of cerebrovascular disease incidence risk factors were: not for hypertension treatment system , Or severe cerebral arteriosclerosis, severe diabetes, age over 60 years old, and so on. Through electronic computer 26 cerebrovascular disease risk factors of raw data used to gradually discrimination law, access to cerebrovascular disease prediction equation, in order to validate the reliability of the forecasting equation practicality of the 520 cases of patients with cerebrovascular disease and easy to carry out inspection, Results cerebrovascular disease determine the correct rate of 85 percent. According to the survey data listed ischemic cerebrovascular disease risk factors more or less valuable return to six: ① a transient ischemic attack. ② hemorheology of the abnormal changes. ③ potential chronic diseases like hypertension, coronary heart disease history of heart disease, bronchitis, "> chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema and heart disease, diabetes and high blood lipids and major surgery and trauma history. ④ blood vessels and blood circulation changes as a wrinkle Microcirculation, vascular size conjunctival eyeball inequality, retinal artery stenosis significantly thinner, arteriovenous cross-eyes clear and purple tongue or sublingual varicosis. ⑤ physical qualities: If overweight, export-oriented character, family history of cerebrovascular disease , Fetal women's reproductive and more. ⑥ with smoking, drinking habits and preference to fat. Can be considered risk factors for cerebrovascular disease though, but a significant effect on the major risk factors of not much. A single risk factors and the joint risk factors, compared to the latter no doubt in danger of cerebrovascular disease, certain risk factors than the possible risk factors will certainly be far greater danger. The use of cerebrovascular disease risk factors Jian Chu and to forecast and actively take preventive measures, cerebrovascular disease prediction is one of the items of value.

Cerebrovascular diseases induced by the other diseases which

Suffering from other diseases induced by cerebrovascular accidents Although rare, but occur from time to time. Suffering from hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease in the elderly, and so when suffering from other diseases, like influenza Shou Liang, pneumonia, fever heat stroke, all kinds of infections, illness may have induced changes in brain disease. Some existing hypertension and arteriosclerosis, or when the abscess incision after surgery or tooth extraction when suddenly with cerebrovascular disease. A small number of women in childbirth sudden cerebral hemorrhage. Some due to rupture due to cerebrovascular, and some may toxemia of pregnancy, hypertension and malignant brain disease occurred. Pregnancy when the brain artery thrombosis although rare (its cause has not yet stated) but easy pregnancy blood coagulation tendency is clear, pregnant women in body fat, and a family history of hyperlipidemia and family history of early atherosclerosis Should be vigilant. Cerebrovascular disease may trigger other diseases also include, for example, atherosclerotic disease, if Erythrocytosis, leukemia, anemia, blood coagulation status of the giant MG hyperlipidemia, and hypertension encephalopathy. Hemoglobin are too high in ischemic cerebrovascular disease to normal hemoglobin than twice as high, with possible blood viscosity increase. Currently began attention to a number of oral contraceptives have increased the role of blood coagulation, and estrogen in the pill dose-related, so women have high blood pressure, migraine, hyperlipidemia or diabetes history, best use other methods of contraception.

Glomerulonephritis guard against influenza after the occurrence

Acute glomerulonephritis is a frequently-occurring disease, and often wind disease, for children of school age Most of youth followed by a higher prevalence among men. The disease-prone in the winter and spring programs for upper respiratory tract infection or summer and autumn Suppurative skin infections, have a certain incubation period, often for 7 - 10 days, in general acute infection or relieve symptoms dissipated after the symptoms appear nephritis. The onset of acute nephritis, with more than hemolytic Streptococcus infection. The main clinical manifestations: hematuria (red urine for the muddy brown) edema (first for more than face, particularly in the eyelid, when a serious leg water 10 minutes), hypertension, can also arise: headache, nausea, vomiting, Inability to fatigue, anorexia, and other systemic symptoms. According to experts, acute glomerulonephritis easy to patients with acute congestive heart failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, acute kidney failure, and so, therefore, treatment principles are: bed rest, lifting the patient's acute symptoms, prevention and control of complications, correct Abnormal physiological changes. General 4 - 6 weeks Council leisure symptoms and signs disappear, laboratory examination to return to normal, to achieve clinical Quan standards. If acute glomerulonephritis can not completely control, clinical symptoms and urine protein continued existence, persisting for more than one year, is likely to evolve into chronic nephritis. For a variety of infections can cause acute glomerulonephritis, especially Streptococcus infections, therefore, to glomerulonephritis prevent the disease, to do the following: 1, actively participate in physical training. Choose their own actual situation of sports in order to increase physical fitness, ability to prevent and improve the organism. 2, attention to hygiene. Regular shower, change clothes, to avoid or reduce upper respiratory tract and skin infections, can greatly reduce acute glomerulonephritis morbidity. 3, if infection of the disease, should be timely use of antibiotics, chronic infection lesions, as tonsillitis, pharyngitis and otitis media and dental caries, as soon as possible and complete treatment. 4, Streptococcus suis infection in the epidemic, doctors may, under the guidance of short-term use of antibiotics to prevent, to reduce the incidence.

Acute nephritis easily confused with the diseases

Early acute nephritis easily confused with the disease, should arouse attention. (1) fever proteinuria may appear in any febrile illness. In the heat during the protein in urine and to identify the type, but very few red blood cells, or edema and hypertension. Heat Forward, urine abnormal rapid recovery. (2) any abnormal urinary infection caused infection, including bacteria, virus, particularly the B hemolytic Streptococcus infection, about 1 / 3 of patients can appear mild microscopic hematuria, a small amount of urine protein and the type, However, no edema and hypertension, when the infection control, urine check is back to normal. (3) focal glomerulonephritis in general during the infection (acute nephritis occurred in about two weeks after infection); focal to glomerulonephritis Hematuria based, very light Albuminuria; infection cured, Patients resume normal urine checks, prognosis good. Light and acute nephritis only urine changes, without edema and hypertension similar. (4) movement urine abnormal strenuous exercise (for example, long-distance running, swimming, radical march……) or overworked, in the urine within a few hours to appear abnormal - hematuria, proteinuria and the type of urine, but the rest 1-2 days (By less than seven days) is back to normal. In the event of abnormal urine while no edema and hypertension (individual may have temporarily hypertension). (5) lupus nephritis systemic lupus erythematosus cause kidney damage, sometimes performance similar to acute nephritis, frequently have rashes, hair loss, light allergies, joint pain and heart, liver, lung, brain and other organs of the disease, And more than a fever, reduce the WBC, anti-SM antibody tests or DNA antibodies and anti-nuclear antibody positive. (6) toxemia of pregnancy occurs in late pregnancy, patients edema, hypertension, proteinuria and the type of urine, severe hypertension may occur encephalopathy, especially in the last 12 months of pregnancy when the more obvious symptoms. However, hematuria lack of its main features, and kidney function are normal, eyes visible retinal artery spasm, bleeding, leakage and other changes, post-natal vast majority of patients return to normal. (7) primary nephrotic syndrome acute nephritis with nephrotic syndrome, and easy to Nephropathy confused. The latter to a large number albuminuria (≥ 3.5 g / day) Hyperlipidemia protein and low for the features, no hematuria, a former hematuria, have no hypoproteinemia, differential points for kidney check, to diffuse the former capillary Proliferative glomerulonephritis, which can be a minimal change or other damage to glomerulonephritis chronic pathological changes. (8) of acute renal Bangladesh nephritis acute nephritis occurred if the urethra, bladder and kidney mucosa can cause congestion and edema bladder irritation, similar acute pyelonephritis. However, pyelonephritis fever, hematuria, interleukin are more positive urine culture, effective antibiotic treatment, and no edema, hypertension, and other performance, nor red blood cells in the urinary tube. Acute Pyelonephritis is still easy to acute and chronic nephritis confused.

What impact the prognosis of chronic nephritis?

The prognosis of chronic nephritis, chronic nephritis various root and different types of diseases are very different. Generally speaking, hypertension of the poor prognosis, general acute-and-a better prognosis, but also after the two-exist with hypertension and renal damage, while the prognosis is not good. Impact of chronic nephritis prognostic factors are: (1) pathological factor: ① pathological types: mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis good prognosis, severe mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis poor prognosis; film Nephropathy, a better prognosis, progress has been slow. ② chronic indicators: fibrous crescent of the number of the number of glomerulosclerosis, fibrosis and the extent of the number of tubular atrophy and prognosis. The more these indicators, while the poorer prognosis. ③ serious kidney disease, vascular disease prognosis is poor. (2) clinical manifestations: ① continued existence of a large number albuminuria and continued hematuria, a relatively rapid deterioration of kidney function; ② and unable to control high blood pressure, kidney dysfunction and poor prognosis; ③ tubulointerstitial damage to the signs, If renal anemia, increased nocturnal enuresis, loss of renal sodium, Fanconi syndrome, renal tubular acidosis, and so obviously those poor prognosis. (3) dietary factors: high-protein diet can accelerate development of chronic illness nephritis.

Chronic nephritis patients how to prevent deterioration of kidney function

Chronic nephritis patients is how to prevent deterioration of kidney function? » Can be broadly from life, restaurants, to prevent infection and other aspects to consider. Chronic nephritis patients in the attack should be bed rest, especially evident Edema or severity of patients, because bed rest, it can increase the diuretic, and reducing heart failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, and dangerous complications, which does not result in renal Further deterioration in the recovery phase, should be gradually increased, so that the muscles gradually returned to normal. For a long time lying, physical strength will weaken, decreased immunity. When necessary, take some measures to enhance physical as Guangbo Cao, tai chi, to improve the physical defenses. In life, should always pay attention to the changes of climate, interior and clothing should be warm, because the cold can cause renal artery spasm, increased renal ischemia, renal function deterioration. In addition, attention to personal hygiene, keep the skin clean, to reduce the incidence Pyoderma. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to prevent respiratory infections, including pharynx Xia Yan, tonsillitis, and so on. Excluding chronic infection of the lesions, as tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis and dental caries, tooth abscess vinegar, and so on, should be cleared as soon as possible. For acute infection, or chronic nephritis and recurrent infection, antibiotics should be promptly controlled, intramuscular general availability of procaine penicillin. Or Qingrejiedu of Jianfu Chinese herbal medicine, to achieve the objective of preventing infection. During the chronic nephritis in the women, not pregnant, or expansion of the uterine pressure in recent renal vein static environmental impact glomerular filtration so metabolites not drained to renal function deterioration.

What is the cause cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis of the reasons

Cirrhosis of liver is the structure of the damage, liver necrosis, normal liver tissue in the collapse, some renewable fiber body, to fill the collapse site. If the liver cells continue to necrosis, liver constantly renewable fiber, and the formation of renewable nodules, these fibers to replace most of the liver, and they have not the function of normal liver cells, the liver becomes hard and small, and this The formation of liver cirrhosis. Cause cirrhosis of the reasons for more European countries such as liver cirrhosis is mainly caused by alcohol. In China, is mainly caused by the hepatitis virus, is in chronic hepatitis on the basis of the progressive development of the formation. Hepatitis B and C virus can lead to cirrhosis, and A, hepatitis E virus is not caused. In addition, there are chemical substances (drugs) caused by the cirrhosis, liver, bile duct obstruction long after the obstructive biliary cirrhosis, a long-term heart failure caused by congestive cirrhosis; malnutrition caused by nutritional cirrhosis And other factors caused by cirrhosis.

What is the cause cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis of the reasons

Cirrhosis of liver is the structure of the damage, liver necrosis, normal liver tissue in the collapse, some renewable fiber body, to fill the collapse site. If the liver cells continue to necrosis, liver constantly renewable fiber, and the formation of renewable nodules, these fibers to replace most of the liver, and they have not the function of normal liver cells, the liver becomes hard and small, and this The formation of liver cirrhosis. Cause cirrhosis of the reasons for more European countries such as liver cirrhosis is mainly caused by alcohol. In China, is mainly caused by the hepatitis virus, is in chronic hepatitis on the basis of the progressive development of the formation. Hepatitis B and C virus can lead to cirrhosis, and A, hepatitis E virus is not caused. In addition, there are chemical substances (drugs) caused by the cirrhosis, liver, bile duct obstruction long after the obstructive biliary cirrhosis, a long-term heart failure caused by congestive cirrhosis; malnutrition caused by nutritional cirrhosis And other factors caused by cirrhosis.

Symptoms cause complications of cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a common disease, and some may develop into liver cancer. In our country caused mainly by hepatitis, mainly from abroad arising from excessive drinking. Cause cirrhosis of the types of hepatitis are hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis B co-infection with the hepatitis D. The clinical performance for liver dysfunction caused by disgust oil, jaundice, fatigue, loss of appetite, bleeding, hypoproteinemia and hepatic encephalopathy (abnormal liver function, the poison can not effectively remove obstacles arising from the central nervous system), and the doors Pulse of high pressure caused by gastric - esophageal varices, ascites and hypersplenism. Light can be asymptomatic for life, can be life-threatening weight. All patients with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, in the history of three to five years or more, appear to reduce the performance of liver function (to reduce serum albumin, bilirubin increased coagulation factor reduction, etc.) and ascites, hypersplenism, esophageal varices, B-show deformation of the liver, portal diagnosis of cirrhosis can be widened. [Symptoms] Symptoms to fatigue, loss of appetite is by the end of an earlier 1, systemic symptoms: easy fatigue, physical strength and energy than before decreased significantly, the ability to work has decreased, self-induced debilitating weakness. 2, loss of appetite, and even anorexia, often after eating Baozhang flu abdominal discomfort, nausea or vomiting. 3, frequent nosebleeds, bleeding gums, skin and gastrointestinal bleeding Purpura tendencies. Patients with cirrhosis of mouthwash, or in peacetime, prone to dental bleeding, but also prone to nose bleeding. Can also be found at the skin friction points, or bleeding Yuban, women can be found in the excessive menstrual period or extended; traumatic time for the performance of some difficult to stop bleeding. Most patients with cirrhosis have different degrees of anemia. 4, estrogen increase in the number of androgen decline of estrogen increase was mainly due to liver dysfunction and reduce its inactivated to an increase in estrogen secretion, these hormone changes often leads to the following performance of endocrine disorders: in male patients often have decreased sexual desire , Loss of hair, beard and body hair to reduce breast and testicular atrophy increased, and so women have menstrual disorders, menopause, infertility and so on. 5, some patients may have jaundice. In patients with advanced cirrhosis may appear ascites. Ascites often appear before the abdominal distention, abdominal Penglong the massive ascites, abdominal tightening shiny, Zhuangru frog belly. 6, enlarged liver cirrhosis early, reach, hard texture. To the late, narrowing the liver hardens. About 80% to 90% of patients with cirrhosis enlarged spleen. [Complications] First, upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common complications, suddenly a lot more black hematemesis or feces. Second, hepatic encephalopathy disease is the most serious complications, is the most common cause of death. Third, the lower resistance to infection in patients with liver cirrhosis, often complicated by bacterial infections such as pneumonia, biliary tract infection, E. coli, such as sepsis and spontaneous peritonitis. Fourth, primary liver cancer

Why would vomit blood in patients with cirrhosis

Cirrhosis, as portal hypertension, often a few traffic branch, its main four: (1) of gastric and esophageal under the traffic branch. (2) the bottom of the rectum and anal canal traffic branch. (3) abdominal wall traffic branch. (4) retroperitoneal traffic branch.  Traffic more than four-to lower esophageal and gastric traffic in support of the most important. Under normal circumstances, these are very small traffic branch, not the blood flow. When returning blocked portal vein hypertension, because of their own free portal vein valve, reversible portal blood flow in the four-traffic due to traffic branch expansion. Lower esophageal and gastric vein as the pressure difference larger vein in the first Nuzhang. Nuzhang vein falling into the esophagus or stomach parts of the mucous membrane thinning, vulnerable to rupture and cause bleeding injury. Such as food mechanical injury, gastric reflux of chemical injury, as well as coughing, vomiting, constipation, such as abdominal pressure increases, can the portal pressure suddenly increased, leading to the bleeding Nuzhang vein, is an acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Performance for hematemesis or blood in the stool. About 2 / 3 of life in patients with cirrhosis at least one gastrointestinal bleeding. Hematemesis and / or blood in the stool, cirrhosis is the common clinical manifestations. Cirrhosis of the main reasons for upper gastrointestinal bleeding for: 1. Esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding: the first of the bleeding, 60% to 75% for hematemesis clinical performance and / or blood in the stool, the amount of bleeding, with varying degrees of hemorrhagic shock, the dangerous condition. It is worth noting that the site can be associated with bleeding in other parts hemorrhage, endoscopy is the only reliable method of diagnosis. 2. Peptic ulcer bleeding: 15% to 30% of major performance will be for black and / or blood will rarely lose bloody shock. 3. Portal hypertension gastropathy bleeding: 10% to 20% less bleeding, clinical and peptic ulcer bleeding difficult to identify. Other: cirrhosis patients with reflux esophagitis can also cause bleeding, a very small number of patients with esophageal cancer can be combined, stomach bleeding, and so on.

Cirrhosis portal hypertension caused by what harm

Portal hypertension is increased pressure on the portal. Portal is the liver of a larger population of the vein, the superior mesenteric vein and the vein of spleen from merging, in the liver is divided into two doors into the human liver. 75% of the liver's blood from the portal, 25 per cent from the hepatic artery. Mainly responsible for the collection of the esophagus, stomach, intestine, pancreas, gallbladder and spleen of intravenous blood. Under normal circumstances, the portal pressure to 0.7-1.5 kPa, more than 2.0 kPa that have clinical significance. Percutaneous puncture spleen measured pressure within the spleen may be permanent representative of portal pressure. When liver cirrhosis or liver, portal blocked blood flow, can make portal hypertension, and, congenital dysplasia, or abnormal tumor suppression also increased pressure on the portal. These diseases can cause substantial damage Gan Xiaoye, such as liver cell necrosis, the capillary network damage, followed by liver nodules and connective tissue, fibrous tissue proliferation. A long time, so that the liver vascular deformation, obstruction, interrupted blood flow deposition. When venous outflow obstruction serious liver, liver cells hypoxia ischemia, increased liver cell necrosis. Intrahepatic resistance to increase. In this case, portacaval only to increase their systolic pressure, by thickening the blood vessels to carry out compensatory. Over time the formation of portal hypertension. Long-term portal hypertension caused a series of complications, such as in congestive splenomegaly, gastrointestinal, and the peritoneum of chronic heart, such as the establishment of collateral circulation, said portal hypertension. Portal hypertension will lead to esophageal varices, abdominal and rectal varicose veins. When esophageal varices and to a certain extent, in the role of external factors, to break down, cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Performance for the large number of hematemesis or tar-like stools, rectal bleeding caused when massive blood in the stool. Portal hypertension will appear enlarged spleen, abdominal distention, Nacha, abdominal multiple organ congestion, hypersplenism. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism make red blood cells, WBC and platelet destruction increased, and cause anemia, as lower blood, the lower immune function, decreased body resistance. Portal hypertension is a ascites, peritonitis, sepsis direct factor. The emergence of ascites, often easy to create an effective cycle of blood shortage, blood pressure dropped, electrolyte disturbance, involving the heart, brain, kidney and other organ functions. These serious complications, at any time endangering the lives of patients.

Why do patients with liver cirrhosis often have gastrointestinal discomfort

Cirrhosis patients gastrointestinal discomfort common symptoms are: anorexia, sometimes with nausea and vomiting, leading to cirrhosis and more because of portal pressure, chronic congestive gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal secretion and absorption by the disorder. Diarrhea, considerable Most of performance for the stool or Xipian Bu Chengxing, no Nongxue and mucus. More from intestinal wall edema, bad fat absorption, the lack of niacin and parasitic infections, intestinal flora imbalance and other factors caused. A small number of other symptoms of cirrhosis was not obvious, but to diarrhea as the main performance. Abdominal distension, stomach, liver cirrhosis and more because of peristalsis dysfunction, hypokalemia, gastrointestinal Flatulence, ascites too much or hepatosplenomegaly, and other reasons. Abdominal pain, caused due to a peri-spleen, liver cell necrosis, inflammation around the liver and portal vein thrombosis formation and (or) portal inflammation. Abdominal pain can also result associated with peptic ulcer, biliary disease, caused by intestinal infection.

Why is there cirrhosis patients splenomegaly

Most patients with liver cirrhosis have splenomegaly, and the degree of swelling significantly more acute hepatitis and hard texture. Under normal physiological state, spleen vein, portal, such as the superior mesenteric vein blood from the portal vein flows through the liver, pooled in the inferior vena cava, the blood in circulation. Cirrhosis, liver cycle was severely damaged, portal system disruption of blood returning to increase the pressure, cirrhosis of the formation of an important pathological changes, "portal hypertension." As a direct-entry splenic vein vein, portal hypertension can delay returning splenic vein, reticuloendothelial cells and fibrous tissue proliferation, spleen congestion, so that congestive enlarged spleen. And hypersplenism phenomenon, clinical "liver and spleen syndrome." Cirrhosis sexual splenomegaly portal hypertension will have to consider gradually increased, the possibility of gastrointestinal bleeding. So dynamic observation splenomegaly, clinical understanding of the condition is important.

Cirrhosis of the liver disease is advanced?

Cirrhosis is a common disease, it points decompensated liver function and liver function decompensated period of two stages. Clinical observations, in the liver function of decompensated cirrhosis patients can maintain long-term health status, as with normal production, labor, work and study. This is due to a strong liver function because of the compensation. Some patients until death due to other diseases, when the inspection bodies found cirrhosis. Some comrades to live up to Bajiu Shi-year-old, had not been found suffering from a liver disease, due to a sudden stomach or duodenal ulcer perforation or obstruction of surgery and treatment when detected the presence of cirrhosis. What reasons do «This is because the compensatory liver function sufficient to maintain a person's normal work and life. What can maintain a long, no accurate statistics, but some people suffering from liver is variable 40, 50, is still alive. Therefore, cirrhosis of the liver function is not compensated liver disease advanced, the key lies in how to make long-term stay patients in the decompensated disease, rather than enter the decompensated stage. To the liver function decompensated period, patients suffering from weight loss, fatigue, Nacha and other systemic symptoms, portal hypertension, liver function failure can lead to serious consequences. To maximize the good adaptation to maintain liver function, it should strengthen the protection of the liver: (1) to avoid fatigue. (2) catering to high-calorie, high-protein, vitamin-rich fresh vegetables and fruit and easy to digest food suitable. (3) to reduce or avoid harmful drug use. (4) to quit drinking. (5) with the appropriate drug therapy and moderate physical exercise and activities to facilitate the resumption of illness. (6) to establish a struggle with chronic disease for the determination and confidence, and maintain the spirit of optimism, to defeat the disease and prolong life.