The elderly suffering from meningitis What are the characteristics of

The elderly (over 60 years old) with ECM about the same period as a whole the number of asylum ECM: 1% 1 2.5%. As aging and the elderly in the physical and biological changes in cellular immune dysfunction, humoral immunity weakened, the original antibody levels decline, particularly the blood-brain barrier function diminishes, - Dan meningococcus invading, we will be able Changquzhiru , has the following characteristics.
(1) rapid onset. Main v. headache fever, onset within 6-24 hours over 60% of the patients unconscious, lying unconscious. Most of the lack of upper respiratory symptoms.
(2) severe illness. ECM fulminant older accounted for 85%, with the majority of meningitis type or mixed type (a coma and shock), both blood pressure drop, convulsion can be more than one day in the incidence of death.
(3) strong and unconscious a long time. Children and young people in general ECM meningeal irritation sign of the strong for the duration l days, but the elderly ECM-time average of 11 days to about ECM from a coma to children less than 10%, and average about one day can be clearly, the elderly and lobeline-general to 2.5 days.
(4) more complications. ECM young people who have complications is less than 1% but almost half of elderly ECM complications. Principal pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary infarction, urinary tract infection, viral myocarditis, septic arthritis, otitis media, hearing loss, aphasia, bacillary dysentery, acute renal failure, such as facial paralysis and paraplegia.
(5) a high mortality rate. Up to 20% to 30%, and non-elderly patients with more ECM very significant difference.

How Office had ECM

ECM past mortality was as high as 80 per cent, had died soon ECM, immortal also left sequelae. Since the discovery of antibiotics and sulfa have been to greatly reduce the mortality rate of ECM. ECM today mortality has been reduced to less than 2 per cent, it can be said that most of them are likely to heal, not to be too Heba. However, the incidence of ECM urgency, faster progress is essential for early diagnosis and treatment, so from that point of view it is a acute infectious disease. Once the epidemic occurred around, it will seriously harm people's health, it is necessary to attach great importance to the best rapidly to a nearby hospital treatment, to avoid long distance bumpy, delay treatment, increasing illness. Minimize the spread of the disease from the perspective of opportunity, the patient should be isolated as soon as possible, as a conditional single-room minimize visit the staff, patients should be contacted with masks, wards to maintain the circulation of fresh air, but also to keep quiet. Avoid glare, and so loudly and stimulating, in order to obtain prompt and correct treatment, the prognosis is generally good ECM.

Kawasaki disease is an important differential diagnosis

Scarlet fever and the other will be Chuchenzi differential diagnosis of diseases, including measles, such as drug allergies and Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease which is the most prone to misdiagnosis of the disease, because most of the clinical features of scarlet fever in Kawasaki disease are likely to occur. Kawasaki disease is a disease of unknown causes, the diagnosis must be ruled out, including scarlet fever, known diseases, and at least seven conform to the following five diagnostic criteria: (1) more than five days of fever above (2) eyes non-purulent conjunctivitis; (c) redness chapped lips, strawberry tongue and throat, redness, and (4) cervical lymphadenopathy (5) rashes, (6) feet redness and swelling of the hand, from fingers and toes sophisticated started peeling; (7) coronary artery lesions. One seventh of coronary artery disease, Kawasaki disease is the most important complications, which may endanger life.

Kawasaki disease hazard to children

Kawasaki disease is a kind of vasculitis syndrome, also known as lymphatic node mucosal skin syndrome, occurs in children aged 2-4, boys. In recent years, the incidence rate has increased. Kawasaki disease is the greatest damage against coronary artery, coronary artery disease is the main reason children, but also adults in the potential risk factors for coronary heart disease. July through September in China to more incidence, therefore, at the turn of summer, the parents should be particularly vigilant in Kawasaki disease in infants. Children in general are more prior to the onset of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, such as precursor. Sustained high fever and no rebate 1-2 weeks, eyes bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, lips Chapped Nipple hemorrhage, congestive oral mucosa, tongue-shaped surface seems Yangmei, a form of diversification body rash, edema flushing and hand-foot-rigid cervical lymphadenopathy. The symptoms persisted, in the fingers and toes along the terminal at the junction of a nail and skin characteristics of the membrane-like peeling, can also be found around the anus peeling. Some children with Kawasaki disease can be complicated by heart, brain, liver, lung, kidney and other organ damage, of which the most prominent cardiovascular damage, mostly occurred in 2-3 weeks after onset, sustainable few months to several years. Kawasaki disease complicated by the type of cardiovascular damage, including coronary artery aneurysms, coronary artery dilatation, such as coronary artery stenosis or occlusion. Aneurysms can be single or multiple, mostly in the 1-2 years can be dissipated, but local wall fibrosis can be prompted intimal hyperplasia, leading to coronary not effective expansion, can be a serious thrombosis, and vascular stenosis and occlusion myocardial infarction , can lead to serious cardiac ischemic symptoms or develop into ischemic heart disease, died of Kawasaki disease is the main reason. Kawasaki disease hazards so large, so when children develop fever with rash, mucosal damage and enlarged lymph nodes and other symptoms, the parents should be timely children to hospital. Because the reasons for the cause of Kawasaki disease is not very clear, it has not prevent the incidence of good practices, but because the majority of patients had prior to the onset of upper respiratory tract infection, therefore, at the turn of the summer and fall, and should be avoided whenever possible upper respiratory tract infection. Kawasaki disease in children with or without coronary artery disease should pay attention to diet and reasonable, as far as possible avoid the occurrence of hyperlipidemia and hypertension, to reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease when they grow up and dangerous. In addition, children with Kawasaki disease over, again incidence rate of 1% -3%, it can not be taken lightly. Usually less attention should be paid to avoid recurrence of a cold.

To prevent Kawasaki disease in children with fever

Children with fever, parents can not relax our vigilance that only ordinary influenza, his casual drug to the child will eat it. According to paediatricians that every 100,000 children under five years of age, there are hundreds of children suffering from a disease called Kawasaki disease. Sick children in the early fever is like a general kind, but ill, it would affect the operation of cardiac function, or even death. Kawasaki disease in the developed countries, heart disease has become a child one of the main reasons. Kawasaki disease can be divided into acute, sub-acute and rehabilitation period of three phases. The acute phase symptoms include persistent fever 5-14 days, neck lymphadenopathy, two conjunctival hyperemia, redness and chapped lips, strawberry tongue was swelling with hands and feet palm redness, the heart and blood vessels also introduced Yan. Fever patients, after entering the acute phase, toes pointed fingers started peeling a film, inflammation of the joints, swelling, increase in the number of platelets. To the rehabilitation stage, the patient's blood will be back to normal, symptoms will gradually disappear. However, the need for doctors or patients with cardiac ultrasound scanning to ensure that the cardiovascular have resumed normal. Younger children, suffer from the higher risk of Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease patients admitted in hospital, receiving aspirin and immunoglobulin antibody treatment, until the burning retreated, and the rehabilitation of the site inflammation. It is particularly important that in the 10 days before the onset of early treatment, which can reduce complications arising. Kawasaki disease patients if not promptly treated, 15 to 25 percent will vascular inflammation, leading to abnormal coronary expansion. Blood will not normal expansion of coronary vulnerable solidification, and the result of abnormal myocardial infarction and arrhythmia, causing death.

Purpura children in the differential diagnosis of nephritis

Diagnostic Classification: 1. Light: There are varying degrees of hematuria, proteinuria associated with a sexual or without proteinuria, edema and generally without hypertension, with normal renal function, the better prognosis
. 2. Acute nephritic syndrome type: for the performance of edema, hypertension and abnormal urine, and a lesser extent, oliguria not obvious. Complement without lowering blood, hematuria protracted than ordinary
Acute nephritis long. 3. Nephrotic syndrome: with the four characteristics of nephrotic syndrome, with varying degrees of hematuria. 4. Chronic renal insufficiency type: more protracted course of due Purpura Nephritis prognosis for the worst type. 5. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis type: rapid onset, that is, early oliguric or urine, azotemia obvious. Pathological changes of a sustained crescentic glomerulonephritis, and poor prognosis, and more
Died of renal insufficiency. See less of this type. Laboratory tests: 1. Blood: interleukin disease can be moderately higher early, and some patients eosinophilia. 2. Blood complement not low, and some early-onset patients with elevated serum IgA, and the majority of normal renal function. 3. Urine routine: varying degrees of hematuria and / or proteinuria.
Differential Diagnosis: 1. Acute glomerulonephritis: Clinical to hematuria, hypertension, edema and oliguria features seized blood Complement C3 decline. According to history and clinical characteristics, and Purpura
Nephritis it is not difficult to identify. 2.IgA nephropathy: Clinical to hematuria as the main performance, and Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis easy to confuse the two main basis differential history. 3. Lupus nephritis: clinical manifestations hematuria or proteinuria, but also for the performance of acute nephritic syndrome or nephrotic syndrome, but the involvement of kidney disease often
With multiple system involvement change, lupus seized blood cells and anti-nuclear antibody more positive. According to history and clinical manifestations generally easier to identify with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis.

How to deal with children allergic nephritis

Is the vulnerability of children in the spring allergy season, the common allergic diseases are:
Urticaria children: block known as rubella, can have serious symptoms and allergic shock. The prevention of child urticaria, we should actively search for allergens, and away from the, as far as possible to less pollen in many places or avoid prolonged stay. If there is a cold or heat treatment of dental caries should be positive, less contact with pets, fish and eggs in the food and dairy products and food and so on are some rare common incentive, if necessary, to Tingyi.
Papular urticaria: lumbar occurred in the forearm and spindly limbs red wind Mission papulosis, a serious central blister formation, there can be bulk, the number of indecision about a week dissipated, leaving a short pigmented spots, that is the mosquito bites and gastrointestinal dysfunction induced by allergic reactions.
Child Eczema: It is caused by a variety of internal and external factors of the skin inflammation. In the acute phase of the skin, small blisters, and even oozed from the main erosion damage, with intense itching. Its internal mainly children with genetic factors, and the external factors are the various forms of urticaria from the same factors, which should be to improve their immune function and to avoid undesirable external stimulation and have to improve immune function in the state under the guidance of doctors. Parents should pay attention to avoid using alkaline washing detergent and hot water, while avoiding forced Saozhua and friction to avoid irritation from the strong medication.
Drug dermatitis: multiple drug allergy is caused by skin inflammation. Several common sulfa drugs, penicillin, antipyretic analgesics and antiepileptic category. Light to a drug allergy itching and skin erythema, skin-can mucosa Huipo, organ damage, infection and life-threatening. Prevention of drug dermatitis should do: 1. Do not abuse drugs, as far as possible use less drug allergies. 2. Prohibited use of the history and structure of similar allergy drugs, skin test to be done strictly in accordance with the regulations, operation, positive banned. 3. Medication suddenly appeared in the process of pruritus, erythema and fever reaction should be immediately suspended and quickly seek medical treatment.
Sand dermatitis: performance for children on the back of the small lumps, check to see children back needle size of a wrist spread papules, meticulous groups, red or skin color, itching flu may be sand or carpet fabric friction evoked Local allergic reactions. Prevention should as far as possible avoid contact with sand to reduce friction stimulate local.

Purpura Nephritis children etiology and clinical manifestations

Purpura Nephritis to Henoch-Schonlein purpura caused by secondary kidney damage, is a kind of immunization-related systemic vasculitis involving the kidney from nephritis.
Etiology and Epidemiology: Cause unknown, and may be some bacteria or virus infection, may also be associated with certain drugs or food allergies caused by the elements. More occurred in school-age children
Children, men more than women. Pathological modern medicine: Purpura Nephritis pathological changes varied, and focal segmental lesions of diffuse mesangial proliferative more, or more than 60 percent, with crescent formation. Rabbit epidemic
Pathological to diffuse mesangial IgA Mission District for the massive deposition characteristics, complement C3 deposition in the main, suggesting that activation of complement these lanes are bypass channels. Mesangial electron microscope in the District, that
- Dense deposit, a massive giant nodules.
In the Pathogenesis of Medicine: The etiology of the disease is known as more of intrinsic blood, Exogenous Fengxie or food goods moving wind, wind or heat of the hot drug Chi Cheng Bo, burns blood favorable, thus forcing blood Wang Xing.
Spillover of the skin, gastrointestinal, forcing a great, and renal, and see Nixie. Spleen deficiency of blood or not perturbing gas virtual Huozhuo favorable, the card can also be a Nixie. Tongxinluo kidney damage, water metabolism of loss
Often, that the proliferation of skin edema. Of the disease in renal disease, and the liver and spleen.
Clinical manifestations: 1. Hematuria: performance for the naked eye or microscopic hematuria, and severity ranges, sustained or repeated seizures. Can be associated with varying degrees of proteinuria. 2. Hypertension: about 20% to 40%, blood pressure is generally mild to moderate increase, there may be individual cases of hypertensive encephalopathy. Hypertension often associated with abnormal urine at the same time,
Now, the majority of rapid restoration. 3. Edema: generally mild edema, and was particularly prevalent in the face, for the performance of a few highly edema. Multi-such as nephropathy, or those with renal insufficiency.

Beware of children Purpura Nephritis

With the changes in recent years paediatric disease spectrum, a relative increase in kidney disease trends. Purpura Nephritis in particular, children are quietly attacks.
Patients allergic to certain factors, caused systemic vascular inflammatory lesions, skin showed red measles, this is called purpura, kidney damage is called Purpura Nephritis. Purpura Nephritis may be related to infection and allergic reaction. Case before the onset of the infection is the most common upper respiratory tract infection (non-specific or streptococcal infection), such as chlamydia, such as varicella and parasites. There are many cases of drugs (antibiotics, iodine amines, salicylate, barbital and iodide), or food (dairy, fish, prawns, crabs and clams, etc.) allergies.
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis and rash, which, unlike the main site for a front leg, knee, ankle, as well as near the hip size, shape different, and often for symmetry. Purpura Pimian slightly, the pressure did not fade, with a slight itching. Started bright red, later became dark red brown. A small number of patients can also be expressed as urticaria, vascular nerve edema, erythema multiforme, or even ulcers, necrosis. Purpura can be integrated into films, often repeated batches, and some may be accompanied by the head, face, eyelids, and other limitations or diffuse edema.
Purpura in children suffering from nephritis, kidney, symptoms include skin purpura, abdominal pain, blood in the stool. Some patients stomach pain very serious, serious intussusception can happen, intestinal perforation and intestinal bleeding. Patients generally have knee, ankle, wrist or elbow pain. From renal symptoms, the general in the skin purpura after two weeks to two months, patients will hematuria, oliguria, edema and hypertension.
Remind parents, in which case should not blindly take medicine to children, according to the doctor's diagnosis and symptomatic treatment of the children.

Children symptoms Purpura Nephritis

Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children is a relatively strong seasonal diseases, whenever seasonal conversion is the season of high. It is a systemic vasculitis necrosis of the small main pathological diseases, many of the children aged 3-10. General performance for rashes, joint pain and gastrointestinal disease. Most typical symptoms in the legs, especially in comparison limbs under intensive blood rash point, and easily repeated attacks, no infectious. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura attack to light up joint pain, abdominal pain, blood in the stool re-emerge, hematemesis phenomenon, even for the development of intussusception, intestinal perforation. If not promptly treated, would cause liver and kidney dysfunction, there hematuria and proteinuria. Some children will headache, convulsions, coma and even lead to a variety of complications, such as: cerebral vasculitis, nephrotic syndrome and gastrointestinal bleeding. According to research, children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and the Constitution of the allergy. On the attachment of bacteria in the dust, seafood food, animal fur, cold air, pollen and contain ingredients such as antibiotics and other drugs will have Purpura attack.
Experts remind parents, in peacetime should be a "heart." Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Xieban more in the leg or hip in children, parents are not easy to find. Many parents give children a bath are discovered only when no intention of attending. More performance for the symptoms of abdominal pain, aches, vomiting, parents to easily mistaken as Changweibing Henoch-Schonlein purpura, or arthritis, results delay treatment. LtY Chinese children with nephrotic Network
Specific symptoms:
Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children a more acute onset, children or parents are usually the first to see the skin purpura, most beginning to appear in both legs, around the ankle joint, sometimes accompanied by urticaria, and the illness was heavier children upper chest also, there may be bleeding back, or even a large Yuban bloody blisters. Purpura is characterized by higher skin, size, a red, the pressure was not fade bleeding. Generally 1 to 2 weeks dissipated, can be repeated or prolonged a few weeks, months and no rebate.
Second, the relevant section of pain, about 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 children will be in joint swelling pain, and could not walk. Was particularly prevalent in the ankle, knee, and even some children with a joint effusion. Is characterized by joint swelling subsided after leaving sequelae.
Three children with a minority Qizhou pain, vomiting, or even blood in the stool, intussusception.
About 30 per cent of the 40 children with kidney damage there, such as hematuria, proteinuria, or urine tube, such as the performance of the more serious Purpura Nephritis, generally occurs in the disease after 2 to 4 weeks. Nephritis onset different degrees of seriousness, mostly light, usually died healing, there may be a small number of renal failure, uremia.

Purpura Nephritis clinical manifestations

Purpura Nephritis clinical manifestations:
1. Renal symptoms,
2. (L) hemorrhagic rash and symmetry of the characteristics of the disease rash. Red rash at the beginning of spots, the pressure can disappear, and then gradually into purple hemorrhagic rash, skin touching slightly uplift, skin rash often symmetry in the distribution of both lower limbs, around the knee to the ankle see more. Can also be found in the hip and lower abdomen, trunk rare, rash can be dissipated into yellow brown. Most cases can be a rash 1 ~ 2 times, repeated up to three times, with individual continuous attack for several months or even years, the latter often with P-nephritis, poor prognosis. (2) joint symptoms about half of patients had multiple outbound qualitative and joint diseases, the majority of mild pain, some patients may be related to activities of swelling and limited. The joint involvement is common knee, ankle and fingers. Symptoms dissipated more than a few days, the remaining joint deformities, but relapsed during the event. (3) The most common gastrointestinal symptoms as abdominal pain, mainly to the lower abdomen and Qizhou, paroxysmal cramps, abdominal pain and nausea and vomiting can be a hematuria, occasionally hematemesis, hematochezia. (4) other symptoms of enlarged lymph nodes, hepatosplenomegaly. Less common clinical manifestations hemoptysis due to pulmonary hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis induced hypertension and brain lesions should be purple-induced convulsions, paralysis, coma.
2. Symptoms performance for kidney edema, hematuria and proteinuria.
[Type] of (1) acute Purpura Nephritis syndrome characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, edema and hypertension. Rapid onset, it seems acute nephritis, a majority of this type. (2) rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis syndrome oliguria and renal function damage, a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, a serious prognosis. (3) chronic nephritis Purple should syndrome nephritis onset of the slow disappearance should be reported to the persistence of nephritis, accompanied renal dysfunction, this type of more to adults. (4) nephrotic syndrome epidemic of allergic purple with nephrotic syndrome, this is a serious glomerular lesions are associated with renal dysfunction. (5) abnormal urine asymptomatic hematuria will be sustained or proteinuria, hypertension and renal dysfunction.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura easily confused with the diseases

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura: To kind of allergic inflammation its performance capillary bleeding and skin purpura more in the face and hand, foot and buttocks Purpura stretch than the skin and itching associated with a sense of pain at the same time the performance of joint pain swelling in some patients there may be hematuria and proteinuria HSPN normal platelet count beam performance test positive h arm blood clots retreat normal megakaryocytes in the bone marrow cells of the quality and quantity of abnormal
Distribution of platelet abnormalities: Hypersplenism diseases such as liver cirrhosis are myelofibrosis with splenomegaly thrombocytopenia in addition to symptoms of anemia and leukopenia phenomenon
Secondary thrombocytopenic purpura:
() TPO obstacle: If the platelet reduction as the first symptom, as well as myelodysplastic syndrome with chemotherapy or radiotherapy induced ITP patients with bone marrow puncture if myelodysplastic low or extremely low or no megakaryocyte cells megakaryocyte cells can be significantly reduced for the diagnosis of aplastic anemia if sick or small megakaryocyte hematopoietic should consider myelodysplastic syndrome may
() Autoimmune disease caused by idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis Evans (Evans) syndrome hyperthyroidism platelet disease can be reduced to a clear diagnosis through immunological tests such as the anti-nuclear antibody rheumatoid factor anti-human globulin TT and TSH and other distinction.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura clinical manifestations

More urgency incidence, in addition to fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms in general, the performance of the major skin purpura, gastrointestinal symptoms, joint pain and urinary symptoms. Different situation from time to onset cases the same, to see most skin purpura, a separate, also at the same time or in succession with joints, gastrointestinal or urinary tract symptoms.
First, the onset of skin purpura often the first performance Purpura size, the higher the skin surface, was fuchsia, the pressure does not fade, can be integrated into films, or a herpes-like, shape or kind urticaria erythema, and edema associated with nerve.
Even when serious ulcers and necrosis can occur. Purpura was particularly prevalent in the extremities and buttocks extending side, ankle and lower extremities, such as the knee joint, the more obvious that there was symmetry in batches easily repeated attack.
Second, many children have gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, the more intense paroxysmal of colic, or Duntong to Qizhou or significantly lower abdomen, tenderness, but no muscle tension. Can be accompanied by diarrhea and hematochezia varying severity, a tar-like stool or bright red. There are also severe vomiting, but hematemesis rare. Such as abdominal pain, blood in the stool before seen in the skin purpura, with the identification of acute abdomen. The disease can intestine submucosal edema and hemorrhage, leading to intestinal dysfunction, and even induced intestinal Invagination.
Third, some children with symptoms of joint pain and swelling of the festival, involving more large joints, such as the knee, ankle, wrist, elbow, not small joint involvement. Can be single, multiple or submission migrans. Joint swelling, pain, pain when aggravated, accompanied local micro heat, heavy flu have heartburn. Joint symptoms subsided after no sequelae.
4, urinary symptoms due to urinary tract mucosa capillary permeability increase, there may be hematuria and microalbuminuria, with purpura seen disappear. However, in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura about 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of kidney involvement, saying Purpura Nephritis. The pathological changes of kidney determine prognosis. Urine acute phase change more than 2 to 3 weeks there, but also appeared in the rear Purpura dissipated.
Most patients showed a small amount of urine protein and red blood cells under the microscope, and sometimes see a type may appear gross hematuria. Generally good prognosis, even with a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and for the development of acute renal failure, poor prognosis. Part of a large number of children with proteinuria, hematuria, edema, hypertension, hypoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia as the nephrotic syndrome. Hematuria and proteinuria sustainable few months or few years, most of the last still fully recovered. There are very few children with varying degrees of renal damage after a chronic glomerulonephritis, eventually developed chronic renal failure.
Fifth, other symptoms occasionally cerebral hemorrhage, or a convulsion, temporary paralysis, aphasia, severe cases can cause death. Others such as nosebleeds, bleeding gums, muscle hemorrhage, or bleeding testicular swelling Pulmonary Hemosiderosis, are extremely rare.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura differential diagnosis

1, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: According to the form of skin purpura is not higher than the skin, and the asymmetric distribution of reduced platelet count, it is not difficult to identify. Henoch-Schonlein purpura with rashes such as blood vessels and nerves of edema, erythema urticaria or-more distinction.
Second, sepsis: meningococcal septicemia caused by rash and Purpura similar, but the symptoms of poisoning-, interleukin significantly higher shattered rash seized the smear positive for the bacteria.
Third, rheumatoid arthritis: pain and swelling both of which are available relevant sections and low heat, a former Purpura difficult to identify, with the development of disease, skin purpura, help identification.
4, intestinal Invagination: more common in infants and young children. If children Kujiao, abdominal touched mass, muscular tension of this disease should be suspected. Barium enema may be differential perspective. However, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura can be accompanied by intestinal Invagination and, therefore, should draw attention.
5, appendicitis: they may appear Qizhou and right lower abdominal pain with tenderness. However, Henoch-Schonlein purpura not tense muscles, skin purpura, to be differential.

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura how the course and prognosis

The disease often cured, but it can relapse. The average duration of the four weeks (1 ~ 6 weeks). And the length of the course of the following factors: (1) the severity of the acute phase (2) is an important organ involvement, (3) whether it is recurrent. Only skin-type joints, and a shorter duration, about 1 to 2 weeks; abdominal course, about 3 to 5 weeks of kidney disease, the longest, up to four to five years. The prognosis of the general good. Skin type, joint-good prognosis, the absence of abdominal intussusception, and complications such as intestinal obstruction or prognosis. The majority of those type of renal treatment can be resumed, if protracted Fuyu is the development of chronic renal failure and even uremia.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients should pay attention to in life?

Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients vulnerable to the impact of increased external environment, it should be in our daily lives do the following. ① remove possible allergens
② attention to the rest, to avoid exertion.
③ attention to warm to prevent colds.
④ avoid the emotional fluctuations and prevent insect bites.
⑤ avoid taking the drug may cause allergy.
⑥ control and prevention of infection, in a clear choice when infected or Ganranzao sensitive to antibiotics, but should avoid blindly preventive use of antibiotics.
⑦ attention to the diet, fasting onions Health, the Health and garlic, pepper, wine and other food irritation; meat, seafood, eggs, milk high animal protein foods; beverages, small food and convenience foods.

Children suffering from Henoch-Schonlein purpura how to care?

Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a common to systemic vasculitis based allergic disease is found mostly in the 7-year-old -14-year-old school-age children. The seasonal incidence significantly to the incidence in winter and spring, summer rare. Generally good prognosis, but easily repeated, and about half the incidence of infants after two weeks -4 weeks with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis, it is a very difficult disease.
Henoch-Schonlein purpura caused by a variety of reasons, such as infection, food (milk, eggs, fish, shrimp, etc.), drugs (antibiotics, sulfa drug, antipyretic analgesic agent), as well as pollen, such as mosquito bites. Generally speaking, 85% of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura and infection. If suffering from upper respiratory tract infection, tonsillitis, dental caries, intestinal parasites and other diseases to be treated and to be actively looking for allergens, through biological detector or blood tested. Usually careful to avoid exposure to these substances can cause allergy, and if a certain food should be fasting, and the drug should be discontinued, and the environment should be avoided. On the positive drug treatment at the same time, and meticulous care and the prognosis of the disease is very important.
Parents need to note: acute bleeding should be absolute bed rest for the children, and children with patience and explained that the elimination of their fear of and avoid falls or impact physical trauma caused bleeding, in particular attention to the protection of the head to avoid intracranial hemorrhage; diet Progressive must pay attention to the soft, Yixiaohua, less-liquid slag-free protein food, animal food and Jishi irritation, hot food, such as eggs, milk, seafood seasoning such as food and hygiene onions, Dried Ginger, pepper, etc. . Condition improved after also restricted activities to avoid fatigue after aggravating or lead to the re-emergence purpura. Encourage your kids more fresh vegetables and fresh fruit, appropriate physical activity, increasing the resistance of the body to avoid cold and flu drugs toxic to the kidneys. Sick at home can not be blindly chaotic governance, should be timely hospital treatment, in order to prevent the occurrence of nephritis, the best regular checks urine, be aware of the condition changes.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura syndrome

[Summary]
Henoch-Schonlein purpura syndrome (Allergic Purpura Syndrome) called Schonlein-Henoch purpura, poisoning of hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Hemorrhagic Capillary Toxicosis) is the result of microvascular caused by the abnormal bleeding systemic disease, involving the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidney corresponding symptoms. The disease is found mostly in children and adolescents.
[Diagnosis]
According to the upper respiratory tract infection, skin purpura, as well as joints, abdomen, and the performance of renal involvement at the same time, there are recurrent characteristics, should consider the possibility of this disease. It should be noted, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, acute abdomen, glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis were identified.
[Treatment]
1. Remove causes include: anti-infection, remove Ganranzao to remove intestinal parasites, avoid application of the food and drug allergies. 2. Antihistamine drugs: the choice of chlorpheniramine, promethazine, diphenhydramine, such as drug Astemizole oral or intramuscular injection. 10% could also be applied to calcium gluconate 10 ml intravenous injection, 1 to 2 times daily.
3. Glucocorticoid: acute phase and applied to the abdomen, joint pain obviously, can rapidly relieve symptoms. Oral prednisone may be given, if necessary, hydrocortisone infusion. Short-term treatment (3-5) can ease the symptoms of withdrawal, but takes a longer time to medication should be gradual reduction after withdrawal.
4. Other: the acute phase should be bed rest, gastrointestinal symptoms should be fasting. High dose intravenous vitamin C (3 ~ 5g / day). Abdominal pain can be intense intramuscular injection of 0.5 to 1 mg of atropine. Bleeding tendency can be used to stop bleeding drugs. Have kidney damage.
[Etiology:
Not out of this disease may be related to a variety of factors, ① infection, the disease often in acute infection, and after a certain period of morbidity, more acute upper respiratory tract infection, pathogens to hemolytic streptococcus mainly, but also for the Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, and parasitic infections, ② food allergy, such as fish, shrimp, crab, such as homologous protein milk allergy can be induced by the disease, ③ drugs, such as Green streptomycin, sulfonamides, salicylic acid Preparations such. It was also possible the cold, insect bites, such as pollen dust exposure factors. These factors on the body as small arteries, veins and capillaries on the walls of the inflammatory change, increased vascular permeability caused subcutaneous tissue, and organ mucosal vascular leakage bleeding edema, and corresponding clinical manifestations.
[Pathological changes:
Blood and skin around the infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, dermal layer of capillary was inflammatory changes, exudative, edema, hemorrhage, and cause skin purpura. Intestinal mucous layer edema, exudative, bleeding and abdominal pain are the reasons for the cause. And joint pain due mainly around the joint edema, caused by intra-articular effusion. Renal involvement that glomerular cell proliferation, necrotic foci with capillary thrombosis, renal tubular epithelial cells can also be found swelling, degeneration, fibrosis.
[Clinical]
1 ~ onset three weeks before there are upper respiratory tract infection, the slow onset, duration protracted, often alternating attack and mitigation, according to different parts of the lesion, and there are different clinical manifestations:
1. Cutaneous manifestations: a majority for the first symptom of skin purpura. Often seen in the distal limb extensor side of hip back, and face and trunk rare Purpura was distributed symmetrically, in batches, sizes, and integration into films, or even bleeding herpes and hemorrhagic necrosis. Purpura general a few days can be dissipated on its own. Can be accompanied by a small number of eyelids, lips, hand, foot and part of vascular edema or urticaria.
2. Gastrointestinal change: more skin purpura after abdominal symptoms, but also in gastrointestinal symptoms, as the first. Mainly for the onset of Changjiaotong, or continuing Duntong in Qizhou or lower abdomen, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, blood in the stool appear, hematemesis, intussusception and intestinal perforation. Investigations have tenderness in the abdomen, but no muscle tension and anti-Tiaotong. If abdominal symptoms as the main performance, known as abdominal Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (Henoch Purpura).
3. Joint performance: the performance of joint swelling limbs pain to the knee, ankle, elbow, wrist, etc. The most common, and often walk of a few days dissipated, can be repeated attacks, often accompanied by fever attack. To highlight the performance of joint symptoms, known as joint-Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (Schonlein Purpura).
4. Kidney performance: kidney Purpura change often followed showed proteinuria, hematuria, and urinary tube, and some patients may be associated with edema, oliguria and hypertension. Under normal circumstances the disease better resume kidney damage, leaving aftermath, a few may be turned into a chronic nephritis, or uremia. It should be noted mainly occasionally to kidney disease are not obvious and Purpura performance.
Exudative other vascular hemorrhage and edema can also affect the nervous system, respiratory tract, and other corresponding symptoms.
[Auxiliary]
Bleeding time and coagulation time, and normal platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be normal or mildly by fast. Some patients capillary fragility test (beam arm test) positive. Renal involvement may have proteinuria, hematuria, and urinary tube.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children

[Summary]
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura capillary inflammation is the main lesion allergic diseases, the most common involving the skin, followed by the gastrointestinal tract, bone and kidney, more acute onset, the symptoms varied. Occur in children over 3 years of age, especially school-age children was particularly prevalent in the men about 2 times the incidence in the female. Prior to the onset of 1-3 weeks frequent upper respiratory tract infection, the incidence than in spring and autumn. In addition to renal involvement outside of hormone treatment, such as better response. In the course of more than a month or so, sometimes prolonged, but a high recurrence rate, about 30 per cent of patients with recurrent tendency.
[Symptoms of the disease]
1. Skin purpura: was particularly prevalent in the lower extremities, buttocks and upper second, and symmetry distribution, in batches, the pressure did not fade, the bright red or red fat, blood vessels and nerves may be associated with edema. 2. Abdominal pain: for Duntong, paroxysmal pain or cramps, location uncertain, muscular soft, with vomiting and bloody. 3. Joint pain: redness and activities with obstacles, mainly tired knee, ankle, wrist and elbow, can be single or multiple, migration. 4. Kidney symptoms: hematuria, edema and hypertension. Can be expressed as nephritis, or kidney IMIS like change, even can develop acute and chronic failure.
[Diagnosis]
1. ￣ prior to the onset of a fever three weeks with upper respiratory tract infection, such as history. 2. Typical skin purpura. 3. May have involved joint and abdominal pain, kidney changes. 4. Damaged tissues in check allergic vasculitis performance. 5. Except to other causes of vasculitis.
[Principle of]
1. Treatment causes: infection control, interrupt contact with allergens. 2. Anti-allergy treatment. 3. Improve vascular fragility. 4. Symptomatic treatment.
[Evaluation]
1. Recovery: After treatment, clinical manifestations disappear, the normal inspection. And non-treatment group or the other treatment group, the clinical manifestations disappear time was significantly shortened, after two more months without recurrence, the recurrence rate within one year significantly reduced. 2. Turn for the better: After treatment, clinical performance has markedly improved, but did not return to normal, and non-treated group compared to the time required for this level significantly reduced, the more two months after relapse. 3. Recovered: the changes of the disease after treatment and before treatment there was no significant difference.
[Expert tips]
The cause damage sites, to varying degrees, different performance, such as those with purpura pest easily misdiagnosed as biliary disease, acute appendicitis, acute glomerulonephritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, it encountered unexplained abdominal pain, joint nephritis and swelling must think of the possibility of disease. Of the disease, such as the anti-allergy treatment, most cases of illness may soon be brought under control improved, the suspect is suffering from the disease to go to a hospital for treatment, so as to avoid delay in treatment, resulting in unnecessary loss. Also the recurrence of the disease and the incidence of respiratory tract infection and have contact with the original certain allergies, patients usually need to pay attention to the prevention of influenza and reduce the substances likely to cause allergic contact.

The prognosis in children with rheumatic fever prevention

Prognosis Generally speaking, if early diagnosis of rheumatic fever, correct and timely treatment and conduct thorough and reasonable measures to prevent recurrence, the better prognosis. Many
Recurrence and in the acute phase of the heart that is obviously involved, those with heart failure poor prognosis. Chorea good prognosis, often by 4 to 10 weeks to cure, although there are a relapse
But after puberty, they are very rarely recurrence. Prevention First, strengthen medical training, enhance immunity in children to prevent respiratory infections. Second, in patriotic health campaign to improve local living conditions and avoid the cold, wet. Third, timely and thorough prevention and treatment of streptococcal infection. Acute hemolytic streptococcus caused by angina, tonsillitis, lymphadenitis, otitis media
, Maxillary sinusitis, as well as scarlet fever and other penicillin should be given adequate treatment. Intramuscular injection twice a day, every 40 to 80 million units, the general should remain 10 to 14 days. Inflammation has not been completely dissipated or throat swab culture sustained positive, if necessary, an appropriate extension of vaccination dates. If those who are allergic to penicillin can be sulfadiazine or red mycophenolate - Such. Fourth, pay attention to the prevention of recurrence of the first age of onset less, the higher recurrence rate, 12-year-old after relapse has markedly decreased. Recurrence occurred in the first five years after onset, the 12-year-old in the five years before the beginning of prevention is even more important. In the winter and annual epidemic of scarlet fever
Long-acting penicillin, once a month 90 ~ 120 million units, intramuscular injection, oral penicillin tablets or 200,000 units / time, three times a day, or sulfadiazine 0.5 g / time Two times a day, or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine 15 ~ 20 mg / kg / time, every six to one on the 7th. Sulfa drug use during the periodic review of blood, urine routine. 5, such as dental caries lesions removed, tonsillitis, otitis media, etc.. Rheumatology children to tonsil removal, surgery should be chosen in quiescent, before surgery 3 Days and two weeks after injection of penicillin should be. Before and after injection of penicillin extraction should be 2 to 3. Rheumatoid activities or prevent evoked in subacute bacterial endocarditis or Sepsis.

The differential diagnosis of rheumatic fever

I. Identification of disease with fever and tuberculosis should pay attention to chronic Ganranzao or streptococcus infection, as well as the state of differentiation. Streptococcal infection in the state after streptococcal infection (as flu, tonsillitis or scarlet fever, etc.) after the fever, fatigue weakness, joint Suanteng symptoms. In addition to checks by fast heart rate, heart did not change significantly, there is no rash. ESR by fast and Antistreptolysin-"O" increased. Using low-dose penicillin and adrenal hormone therapy, and soon returned to normal, no longer recurrence. But the performance of these may also be the early rheumatic fever should continue to be closely observed. If the heart or heart murmur increased significantly, and should be considered rheumatic fever. Second, heart (1) functional murmur should first exclude the attention of cardiac function of noise. Such noise was particularly prevalent in the school-age children at the left edge sternum 3-4 intercostal apex medial, generally Ⅱ, Ⅲ up to the individual level. Characterized by a higher pitch, a few music can be a sound, only to shrink as early as mid-conduction is not extensive, no other symptoms of rheumatoid activities. (2) of congenital heart disease such as congenital mitral insufficiency, and some AV access have generally found that the infant period murmur. (C) viral myocarditis recent years there has been an increasing trend. The disease often marked the history of viral upper respiratory tract infection, soon found that heart abnormalities, but no significant noise, and more arrhythmia. Weight can quickly cause severe congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. No arthritis and multiple subcutaneous nodules, and other performance Antistreptolysin-"O" does not generally increased. Third, joints have to identify with the following diseases: (1) of Rheumatology flip-heat, the general situation is good, many involving small joints, for symmetry, migration rarely performance, dual may affect large joints, can cause joint deformities. With cardiac damage minimal. Salicylic acid used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as easy results. (B) in accordance with tuberculosis arthritis history of exposure to tuberculosis, positive tuberculin test is found mostly single-joint involvement, X-ray checks to the main bone destruction and no heart attack, pulmonary tuberculosis often find stoves can be diagnosed. (C) Septic arthritis often the primary pyogenic lesions generally have symptoms of sepsis. Arthritis can start with multiple performance, but soon confined to a joint, red, swelling, heat, pain obvious. A joint cavity puncture wound pus, wound pus and blood culture can be positive, Antistreptolysin-"O" is not high. Late X-ray bone damage. Salicylic acid formulations invalid. (4) acute leukemia sometimes to the early joint disease symptoms, often misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis. But there are obvious leukemia anemia and bleeding, find naive peripheral blood cells, bone marrow, as a leukemia change. (5) TB allergic arthritis (Poncet syndrome) for tuberculosis infection caused by allergic arthritis, tuberculosis symptoms of poisoning, acute they have flip-heat, and erythema nodosum and rheumatism symptoms like arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis similar. But no cardiac involvement of the disease symptoms, often accompanied herpetic keratitis, the body active TB lesions, a sustained positive tuberculin test. With salicylic acid preparations for the treatment of rheumatoid no significant effect, and effective anti-TB treatment, this is an important diagnostic under, but generally the fastest disappearance of fever, and joint symptoms of erythema nodosum and dissipated slowly. 4, the differential spectrum to be used with spastic distinction, the latter is a single action duplication. Children with scattered attention it will cramps disappeared.

In the diagnosis of rheumatic fever in children

In the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever rely mainly on clinical manifestations. Due to the lack of special diagnostic methods, in the past often divided into rheumatic fever five major clinical indications and six minor indications. There are two main levy or indications of a major with two minor indications, the diagnosis can be established. Main indications including myocarditis, multiple arthritis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules and annular erythema. Secondary indications including fever, joint pain, past or present history of rheumatic fever have a rheumatic heart disease, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein growth positive, increasing the total number of leukocytes, ECG PR interval prolongation. If the recently had hemolytic streptococcus infection is even more evidence to support the diagnosis. Early rheumatic fever, if the symptoms are not typical light, or require a comprehensive understanding of history, and closely observe the changes of the disease and response to treatment, and comprehensive analysis can be done after diagnosis. Especially if fever, joint and muscle pain, abdominal pain, epistaxis, accelerated heart rate, Antistreptolysin-"O" titration of increased, and so on, may be caused by rheumatic fever, but is also entirely possible, or other streptococcal infection reasons, we must consider seriously order to prevent missed or misdiagnosed. Rheumatic fever is still determining whether activities can be based on the following general areas: 1. Any clinical symptoms of rheumatic fever symptoms indicated the existence of the existence of rheumatoid activities. Children suffering from rheumatic fever, if the performance was pale, weak, not by weight, and phenomena such as tachycardia, often suggested that the continued presence of rheumatoid activities. 2. Laboratory tests had been Although the clinical symptoms disappeared, but ESR are on the increase quickly, mucin increase the total number of leukocytes and increased accounted for no other reason, we have to consider the existence of rheumatoid activities. 3. ECG diagnosis for children with rheumatic fever, PR interval extension of the continuing, and often tips are still heart inflammation. In addition diagnosis when the distinction should be drawn between the early and re-issued. Refers to the beginning of the first rheumatoid activities, the majority after treatment 1 ~ 6 months cure rheumatism and stop activities, and some patients with recurrent, rheumatoid activities and performance relative to stationary alternating, and often stop in a relatively stationary ~ 2 months after emerging rheumatoid activities, such as the development of children with heart-valve disease; refers to the clinical and laboratory tests confirmed rheumatoid no more than three months and has been re-incidence. This division of prevention, treatment and prognosis are of significance, therefore, the beginning of the children should be given great attention, a thorough treatment.

Pediatric Clinical manifestations of rheumatoid

Can occur at any age, but 2 to 4 years and 8 to 10 years of age incidence maximum. Women more than men. Disease can be divided into three types: A generalized type more common in young children, women and men are infected. Mainly as fever, rash, arthritis and other symptoms of organ involvement. Fever was flip-heat, one day, there may be one or two peaks, high fever up to 40 ℃, daily fluctuations up 3 ~ 4 ℃, shivering with fever before. Febrile illness during the heavier, heat Forward children generally turned for the better. Sustainable fever a few weeks or a few months, often natural ease, but easy to relapse. During the rash accompanied fever, rash was pleomorphic, scattered ranging from the size of erythema, dual-can be integrated into, or a ring erythema, skin rash appeared short, easy to relapse to the trunk most were also seen limbs, or even the palm of your hand and foot. Arthritis symptoms are lighter, more performance for multi-joint involvement, have no joint symptoms. There are children with different degrees of liver, spleen and lymph nodes. There are a small number of cases, pleurisy, pericarditis or myocarditis. Second, multiple joints of this type of performance similar to adult rheumatoid arthritis, started only 1 ~ 2 joint involvement, as early migration of becoming more fixed symmetry arthritis. Major facet of this type of the characteristics of the proximal interphalangeal joint disease most often, followed by the metacarpophalangeal and toe joints, the joints can also be involved if the knee, ankle, wrist, elbow, hip, spine, in particular, such as cervical spine joints . More slow onset of this type, the incidence of intense minorities. In the early partial pain, morning stiffness, after joint swelling, heat, pain, gradually turned into a spindle, activities restricted, knee, elbow, that, the wrist was fixed flexion. Only a small number of cases does not swollen pain without swelling or pain. Muscle cramps near the joints, and then atrophy, deformation end to disease and deformed joints and stiffness, joint deformation was particularly prevalent in six months to one year after the onset, that is, to reduce pain at this time. If other parts of the body such as the joint involvement can cause cervical neck pain and stiffness, temporomandibular joint involvement often caused chewing obstacles. Mild systemic symptoms, only fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, mild anemia, and mild liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Children with a few joints in the vicinity of subcutaneous nodules. For rheumatoid factor positive. Third, single-articular joints involved only a small number (often one), mainly involving large joints such as the knee, ankle, elbow and other places. Joints can be a chronic or recurrent inflammation process, but rarely cause serious joint activities restricted. This type of joint involvement in a small number of cases at the same time or after iridocyclitis can sometimes be the first symptom of this type. Systemic symptoms minor, there are low heat, weakness, mild anemia and liver and spleen enlarged lymph nodes.

Children rheumatoid etiology and pathology of

Children of Rheumatology is a relatively common systemic connective tissue disease, the main clinical manifestations of a long-term irregular fever, and large, medium and small joint swelling (especially Zhizhi small joints), so time can be formed joint deformities, accompanied Han, spleen and lymph nodes body, and since cell anemia, such as increased. Children aged less, its clinical manifestations are somewhat more systemic symptoms, older children or adult patients more limited joint symptoms. Therefore, in the category often called Pediatric Rheumatology, than in the past with the "rheumatoid arthritis, a more comprehensive title. Children and adults with chronic rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and there are still more differences. If I have more systemic performance (flip-fever, rash, liver and spleen enlarged lymph nodes, and significantly increased the total number of leukocytes), and joint disease lighter, sometimes with iridocyclitis, pericarditis, cervical spine involvement; On the other hand relatively rare in children subcutaneous nodules, rheumatoid factor positive rate lower. Cause has not yet fully appreciate, and is generally believed that the allergy and autoimmune. May be due to virus, or other pathogen mycoplasma infection continued to own lgG occurred degeneration become antigen to stimulate the body create a so-called rheumatoid factor antibodies, which are IgM antibody category. One of the elements of serum rheumatoid factor and five autoantigen IgG with the formation of a complex, this complex antigen-antibody reaction with all the characteristics of precipitation in the body tissue, in particular joint, synovial, after the activation of complement attract neutrophils and the release of the lysosomal enzyme (protein enzyme decomposition), the cause of vascular basement membrane and the nearby organizations, including synovial damage. Pathological changes in the pathogenesis of the disease mainly occurred in the joints, but it can also involve other parts of the connective tissue. First of all intra-articular synovial invasion, early congestion, edema and lymphocyte infiltration, and then was villous synovial thickening, and the final formation of granulation tissue. Soft tissue around the joints also swelling. Continue to develop inflammation, granulation tissue from the edge of the articular cartilage of the synovial membrane to the cartilage gradually began to extend the coverage of the final will be cartilage, the cartilage from Gunang interdictions of nutritional intake, therefore, cartilage surface ulcers. At the same time, subchondral bone marrow also lymphocyte infiltration and formation of granulation tissue, cartilage stripping. Finally cartilage surface of granulation tissue fibrosis and even ossification, and the upper and lower arthrodesis ankylosis. Was near the articular bone decalcification and osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, joint capsule and ligaments may also be granulation tissue invasion caused dislocation. They can also be seen subcutaneous nodules, myocarditis, pericarditis, iridocyclitis go far.

Children in the diagnosis of rheumatoid

For children with the long-term sustainability of symmetry and more arthritis, and mainly to small joints, which leads to joint deformities typical symptoms, diagnosis general it is not difficult. However, in children with systemic Most of the children can be particularly fever without obvious only joint symptoms, easily misdiagnosed. Therefore, if long-term intermittent fever, one of the polymorphous rashes, liver and spleen enlarged lymph nodes, the total number of leukocytes increased, but failed to find infected lesions should consider this disease. Chen Qi found children with the rigid section, after more than alleviate symptoms of the phenomenon, but also can help the diagnosis. The laboratory for further examination and X-ray examination of bone joints to diagnosis. Of course very different. Occasionally in a short-term acute after fully restored. After a few children 2 to 3 years after the acute phase of the symptoms disappeared, no sequels. Most children with joint symptoms of relapse and remission turn, be re-light when. Sometimes illness has been calm for many years, may relapse.

Juvenile rheumatoid What are the characteristics of

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA hereinafter) is that children under the age of 16 suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis adults have the following different:
(1) systemic symptoms of JRA weight, such as high fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes body, liver, splenomegaly, joint disease lighter. (2) serological indicators of abnormal less, such as rheumatoid factor positive rate significantly lower than adults. (3) the onset JRA patients with mixed mode, body type, multi-joint type and pauciarticular type. And the onset of adult RA compared consistent with the same diagnostic criteria can be measured. (4) JRA little subcutaneous nodules, and the adult RA多见. (5) Although the JRA patients frequently manifests itself apparent joint effusion, and joint pain and the symptoms are less morning stiffness, joint activities less restricted. Adult patients with RA joint swelling Although often moderate, mild, morning stiffness and joint pain and the symptoms are severe joint activities easily restricted. (6) JRA patients with cervical spine involvement up to 50%, while adult patients with RA is rare. (7) JRA patients prone to atlanto-occipital joint subluxation, but rarely cause serious neurological sequelae, and adult RA patients rarely found atlanto-occipital joint subluxation, in case of a more serious nervous system symptoms of oppression. (8) the prognosis of patients with JRA than adult RA, and 75% can be recovered.

Common prostate sarcoma?

Prostate sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of the prostate, prostate cancer in the proportion of China's 2.7% to 7.5%, while in developed Western countries to 0.1% ~ 0.3%. This difference may be related to the Western countries a high proportion of prostate cancer, and our low incidence of prostate cancer related. Prostate sarcoma at any age can incidence, but more common in young people and children, occurred in about 30% within 10 years, 75 percent occurred in less than 40 years old. According to the Shanghai hospital 18 to statistics, from 1959 to 1979 20, a total of seven cases of prostate sarcoma, six cases to the age of 24 to 37-year-old, and one case of the age of 62 years. Although the incidence of this disease, but the rapid tumor growth, and poor prognosis, should attach great importance.

Prognosis of prostate sarcoma

Prostate sarcoma course of fast, rapid growth, more bad prognosis, especially children with poor prognosis, diagnosis, most patients do not survive more than one year. Rhabdomyosarcoma high degree of malignancy, the fastest growth, almost all died within a year; leiomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma growth slow, and somewhat better prognosis, the average survival is 2 to 3 years. Infant and child development and transfer of prostate sarcoma rapidly and extensively than adults, from the beginning of symptoms to have killed an average of 10 children under the age of 3 months, and adults about one year. In recent years, as a result of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis of children rhabdomyosarcoma has changed. Limitations on the lesions, surgery after chemotherapy for 2 years, the disease-free survival rate of children up to 54%. This progress enabled people to see hope.

Treatment of prostate sarcoma principle

Prostate sarcoma is a malignant disease of the poor prognosis, and understand the importance of the principle of treatment. (1) confined to the prostate prostate sarcoma membrane was not yet out infiltration, surgical treatment should be as soon as possible, radical cystoprostatectomy. (2) only partial tumor extended to the bladder or rectum, no distant metastasis, can be full of pelvic organ resection, but this method is often poor. After extensive surgery could accelerate the proliferation of tumor cells. (3) can not be carried out surgery on patients, radiotherapy, and only a small number of lymph sarcoma sensitive reticulocyte cell sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma has some help. Some people think that, rhabdomyosarcoma to radiation therapy, it may cause the development of tumors. (4) patients with the children, to make a clear diagnosis after chemotherapy, with VAC Programme (vincristine, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide rehabilitation), followed by surgical resection. Most children need to cystectomy and urinary diversion, but should make every effort to retain the rectum. In recent years, it was suggested that children may be first with chemotherapy, then radiotherapy, and then do retain bladder surgery. At present, children with the best treatment programme preoperative chemotherapy, surgical resection, postoperative radiotherapy (residual tumor) and cyclical prevention of chemotherapy. Such programmes for children with the prognosis of patients with astonishing improvement. For adult patients, use the following programmes: Preoperative selection of doxorubicin chemotherapy, and then to the Department of prostate and pelvic radiation therapy and do radical cystoprostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, after doing periodic chemotherapy, the use of mycophenolate Afghanistan A microphone and nitrogen-amine.

Clinical manifestations of prostate sarcoma

The growth of prostate sarcoma speed, frequency frequently manifests itself, Niaotong, dysuria and hematuria. This is due to tumor compression of the bladder and urethra caused. If the tumor infiltration to the rectum, defecation, there will be difficulties. If oppression ureter, stagnant water can cause kidney and urinary tract infection. If oppression veins, lymphatic or nerves can cause lower extremity edema and pain. Multiple prostate sarcoma in young people, if the young people suddenly appeared above symptoms should be suspected of having the disease. On prostate sarcoma patients with digital rectal examination, can be touched enlarged prostate, flexibility and flexible, there are fluctuations flu, smooth surface, or the leaves or palpable nodules, and cysts and benign prostatic abscess of the prostate differentiation. Through the bladder and urethra angiography can show that the translocation urethra, bladder at the bottom elevation, capacity reduction. 40% of prostate sarcoma can occur distant metastasis. Such as X-ray perturbation can be found in the bone and lung metastatic lesions.

Gallbladder cancer clinical manifestations

Gallbladder cancer in the clinical symptoms and right upper quadrant abdominal pain, dyspepsia, Heating, Weina diminishes, such as jaundice and weight loss. Because the vast majority of patients with gallstones, the pain and the clinical calculous cholecystitis is similar to the late, a continuing Duntong. Jaundice is often advanced symptoms, and with cachexia performance. When the cystic duct obstruction or cancer metastasis to the liver or adjacent organs, sometimes can be hard on the palpable abdominal mass. If violations of duodenal cancer, and there may be symptoms of pyloric obstruction.

Thyroid cancer prevention

of simple goiter, a part of the possibility of malignant transformation, therefore, actively prevent and treat simple goiter, thyroid cancer is an important prevention measures. Thyroid nodules with cancer alone has about 20%, nodular goiter, cancer was 5%, hyperthyroidism, accounting for 2 percent malignant thyroid tumors also have the possibility of malignant transformation. Therefore, these benign thyroid disease to take positive surgical treatment, but also reduce the incidence of thyroid cancer of the important measures.

Thyroid cancer treatment

Currently thyroid cancer surgery therapy. If well-differentiated tumor, without metastasis, it should be thyroidectomy. If a lymph node metastasis, it should be sweeping or radical resection. If the tumor invasion trachea, difficulty in breathing, viable tracheotomy.
  not surgery for some patients, without differentiation of cancer, surgery is not completely or recurrence of patients, which can carry out palliative radiotherapy. With distant metastasis, may be granted within-radioactive iodine-131 therapy.
  chemotherapy for thyroid cancer is not sensitive, but undifferentiated carcinoma can play a role in mitigation. To a certain extent due to the side effects of chemotherapy will be reduced immune function, in addition to undifferentiated carcinoma, the other types of thyroid cancer unsuitable for conventional chemotherapy. Commonly used drugs: cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and other.
  thyroid cancer prevention and treatment in Chinese medicine have some effect, with the exception of sub-Differential Treatment, some medicines can be taken unilaterally, such as Huangyaozi wine, seaweed soup pot 5, amber Heilonggang Dan, Prunella vulgaris Gaodeng.

thyroid cancer diagnosis

Thyroid cancer often are as follows: A mass texture hard, rugged, Boundary unclear, the tumor larger tumor extended to the thyroid, poor mobile or fixed, the rapid growth sometimes also showed cystic papillary carcinoma, puncture absorb a brown or dark brown liquid; tumors increased oppression caused breathing, hoarseness and difficulty swallowing; neck under central, and next, there will be the sternocleidomastoid muscle enlargement, the lymph nodes of hardware; more than 30% of medullary carcinoma there may be unknown cause of the stubbornness of watery diarrhoea.
  X line inspection. Films that have thyroid tumors scattered calcification and tracheal compression, displacement or bone metastases.
  thyroid scan, cancer poor absorption of iodine 131, a cold nodule area. But most of the cold nodules adenocarcinoma cyst, to incorporate history and other diagnostic examinations. The only confirmed method of biopsy suspicious organizations.

Thyroid cancer self-examination

1, pay attention to the shape of goiter. Goiter the shape of the general divided into two categories, with a butterfly-shaped category is found mostly in endemic goiter and hyperthyroidism thyroiditis and some patients other is a part of the thyroid in a circular swelling block, was particularly prevalent in the thyroid cyst, thyroid adenoma, including thyroid cancer.
  2, the size of mass attention. If the mass showed diffuse swelling or multiple nodular enlargement, and most endemic goiter; generally benign tumors or cysts in a single nodule diameter of about 2 cm; more than 2 cm in diameter, should be suspected thyroid cancer.
  3, attention to the mass of the smooth and Flex. Carefully with the thumb and forefinger touching the surface mass. The same smooth surface, mostly endemic goiter; not very smooth surface, from the possibility of thyroiditis; single nodule was enlarged, but smooth surface, uniform may as adenoma; single nodular enlargement , smooth performance, a sense of entities, should be suspected cancer.
  4, the growth rate of mass attention. Endemic goiter was slowly increasing, the course up to a few years or even several decades-long; benign tumors and cysts can be of course, to a few years; thyroid cancer tumor growth significantly, faster, in more than 10 days or a month, has notably increased.
  5, the attention of the mass surrounding lymph nodes can be touched. If the thyroid around to touch texture hard lymph nodes, should be highly suspected thyroid with regional lymph node metastasis.　　

Summary of major diseases of thyroid cancer

Childhood thyroid cancer (carcinoma of thethyroid) increasing trend, Beijing Children's Hospital with pathologically confirmed 1,379 cases of malignant tumors in the thyroid carcinoma in 10 patients (0.7%), while in patients with thyroid cancer foreign reports, 15-year-old Following about 3.7% to 5%, the largest found in 10 to 14 years. Girls more, the male to female ratio was 1:2 ~ 3.
Children's thyroid is very sensitive to radiation, past children with thyroid cancer in infants had benign lesions such as the thymus hypertrophy, such as hemangioma near the neck and radiotherapy were accounted for 80%, as these benign lesions do not radiotherapy, radiotherapy carcinogenic factors have also disappeared. 15 ~ 50% for children with Hodgkin's disease, leukemia and other malignant diseases of head and neck radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which occurred in the first year of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) increase, then 5 to 7 years 5% to 20% for the development of thyroid function lower. Generally after radiotherapy 3 to 5 years of thyroid cancer by 15 to 25-year-old for the summit.
Can be divided into papillary thyroid carcinoma (papillary), follicular (follicular), or mixed tumor differentiation. These often slow-growing tumor, was static for many years, and receiving or have received radiotherapy course is the same, but the patients received radiotherapy see more multi-center of the tumor. About 4% of patients papilloma home in the same patients. Children very rarely undifferentiated carcinoma,developing rapidly, leading to death.

Clinical manifestations of thyroid cancer

Clinical manifestations in children [more] to thyroid mass treatment, the tumor alone, the number of minority or both, of a hard, realm unclear, activities of the poor. Small tumors can be smaller than 1 cm, mainly v. cervical lymphadenopathy and attendance; larger accompanied cystic changes, often misdiagnosed as benign thyroid disease. Occasionally to hoarseness, breathing or swallowing difficulties or even paralysis syndrome cervical sympathetic to the main appeal. About more than half of newly diagnosed patients with cervical lymph node metastasis has occurred, double accounted for 18% of cervical metastasis. Because no early symptoms, so from the lymph nodes to visit from time to longer has a few years to. In addition to the neck, lung is the most common site of metastasis can be no clinical symptoms, X-ray examination showed it miliary tuberculosis-like shadow, mainly in the basal. Other sites include mediastinal shift, long bones, skull and axilla, and occasionally there are functional cancer symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

The early symptoms of thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is a malignant thyroid epithelial tissue, if not early detection, it will be buried in the neck, stars a time bomb which would endanger the patient's life.
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, the survey data show that ,1971-1991, the total Harbin City six hospitals receive 204 cases of thyroid cancer, the average duration of 2.5 years, usually late attendance.
Early detection of thyroid cancer by:
① children and women over the age of 40 is more of, male to female ratio was 1:2.4. Early lack of characteristic clinical features, but more than 95 percent of the patients had cervical mass (or mass), especially in isolation, irregular, not the state, the activities of the rigid poor masses, should be particularly son to alert.
② In addition, there are mass following symptoms: patients hoarseness or drinking water, choking; difficulty breathing or swallowing difficulties; ears, pillow, a radioactive shoulder pain; neck vein compression or expansion of a cracked eye, the pupil narrowing in the same lateral or bilateral, such as swollen lymph nodes. All the above symptoms, but also a high degree of thyroid cancer may be suspected.
① for needle aspiration cytology. This method is the most reliable thyroid cancer diagnosis one way, the correct rate reached more than 80 percent of quick frozen biopsy of thyroid cancer is the key means of diagnosis, the correct string of nearly 90% paraffin biopsy for thyroid check the best cancer diagnosis, the correct rate can reach 100 percent.
④ neck and thyroid B-isotope scan.
In short, only patients of their vigilance, early detection of cervical tumors, to the hospital early diagnosis, early surgery can hope to be radical.　

Hydrocephalus due to common diseases

Hydrocephalus causes of many common the following reasons: 1. (1) such as congenital malformation in the midbrain narrow, SDE formed or atresia, Room inter-locking malformation (fourth ventricle center hole or side air atresia), cerebral vascular malformation, spina bifida, such as cerebellar tonsil hernia.
(2) infection intrauterine infection such as viruses, protozoa and Treponema pallidum infection meningitis failed early control, proliferation of fibrous tissue obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation channels, or fetal intracranial brain inflammation may also pool, spinal Cavity and arachnoid tablets adhesion occlusion.
(3) intracranial hemorrhage caused bleeding fiber hyperplasia, birth injuries such as intracranial hemorrhage malabsorption.
(4) tumors can be blocked any part of the cycle of cerebrospinal fluid, and more are seen at the vicinity of the fourth ventricle, or choroid plexus papilloma.
(5) certain other genetic metabolic diseases, perinatal and neonatal asphyxia, and in serious cases, such as vitamin A deficiency.

Hydrocephalus how diagnosis?

(1) According to history and the typical clinical presentation, diagnosis is not difficult and review head circumference, such as to grow too fast, and can assist in diagnosis. In older children intracranial increased levy, should consider the possibility of hydrocephalus. (2) It should be noted that the skull had been spliced joints children, hydrocephalus did not increase the performance of the first skull, for further diagnosis, do the following inspections: Skull X-ray visible Luqiang expanded, and the thinner skull Transcranial seam separation; ventricle administering iodine gas or water-soluble contrast, the system can display ventricle shape and size, and thickness of the cerebral cortex; skull Two-dimensional ultrasound examination showed no brain-wave movement of the ventricular system and expanding the CT or MRI scan, see ventricle system expanded significantly, and sometimes they can be detected hydrocephalus reasons.

Hydrocephalus disease with which to differentiate?

In infants, should be aware of the situation and identification of the following: (1) premature infants: the skull increases faster, somewhat similar to hydrocephalus, but not ventricle. (2) rickets: head for the square and increased more than any other symptoms of rickets. (3) The head of deformity, skull, faster growth there is an obvious lack of intelligence, no eyes droop phenomenon normal ventricular angiography. (4) chronic subdural hematoma, skull increase slower, more visible subdural wear red or yellow liquid, fundus hemorrhage, CT can be confirmed. (5) intracranial space-occupying lesions such as tumor, abscess, etc..

What is hydrocephalus, and his classification?

Hydrocephalus is generated or cerebrospinal fluid absorption cycle obstacles in the process of cerebrospinal fluid caused excessive pressure increase, and expand some of the normal cerebrospinal fluid space, thereby increasing secondary intracranial pressure, ventricular dilatation collectively. Category: Most of the reasons for its cerebrospinal fluid circulation between certain parts caused by the blockage while the excessive, it is less see. Occurred within the two-year-old infant, can be divided into traffic and non-traffic of the two types of hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid means of transport in the brain surface in terms of the absorption blocked non-traffic of the ventricular system is that the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation .

Hydrocephalus intellectual influence on the children?

Hydrocephalus is generating too much or cerebrospinal fluid absorption cycle disruption caused excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles and subarachnoid phenomenon.
Hydrocephalus the main reasons midbrain malformations, fetal brain infections, neonatal and postnatal meningitis caused the skull base adhesion, meningeal adhesion to intracranial hemorrhage, tumor cycle of oppression that blocked or cerebrospinal fluid absorption, such as bad. In addition hyperplasia or choroid plexus papilloma, increased secretion of cerebrospinal fluid can also cause hydrocephalus, but relatively rare.
Because hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid in the brain indoor constantly increasing direct intraventricular pressure increased intracranial pressure on the entire last increased pressure at the same time thinning the brain, brain back flat, shallow groove brain and the clinical symptoms appear. Hydrocephalus in the early clinical manifestations are increasing head circumference in children or rapid growth, the former on existing doors encephalocele, slit separate skull, scalp vascular dilation. As the pressure increased anterior cranial fossa, eyeball to the next, highlight the field, exposed to the upper white sclera, the eyes of children as "Sunset" sample. Also have sleepiness, lethargy or irritability, vomiting easy, regular seizures, paralysis, walking difficulties.
If not promptly dealt with hydrocephalus, it will affect the intellectual development of children. If early detection and timely treatment, mental extra back to normal. Therefore, as the baby's parents, we must carefully observed, such as found in children with the above symptoms, a doctor should be timely, so B-or CT diagnosis can help to fight for early treatment. Intracranial infection and also prevention of intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial infection or if suffering from intracranial hemorrhage should be treated promptly and thoroughly to prevent meningitis caused hydrocephalus adhesion.

Otogenic hydrocephalus

[Summary]
Affected sinus thrombosis phlebitis, and obstacles arising from cerebral venous circulation, increased intracranial pressure for performance. Which is characterized by a bulging cerebral venous stasis, and edema. But high pressure brain ventricle expansion, and the general increase in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid expansion hydrocephalus different, it said Otogenic hydrocephalus, also known as Otogenic intracranial hypertension. Otogenic there are two types of hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid increased ventricle first true expansion of hydrocephalus, first side sinus thrombosis in the aftermath of phlebitis circulatory disturbance of cerebral venous intracranial hypertension, that is, pseudo hydrocephalus. The latter is more多见.
[Diagnosis]
With the recent intracranial complications such as sinus thrombosis side phlebitis, lumbar puncture high pressure, and sometimes retinal edema, without occupying signs, and mri can be excluded ct intracranial space-occupying lesions. Superior sagittal sinus venous angiography showed a lateral sinus thrombosis.
[Treatment]
Treatment for dehydration, such as glycerol oral, or 250 ml of 20% mannitol, 2 to 3 times daily intravenous drip. Day or every other day for lumbar puncture, released 30 ~ 50 ml of CSF. If sexual edema and retinal optic nerve atrophy, to save vision, should be promptly adopted under the temporalis muscle or decompression of the lateral ventricle drainage. If the true hydrocephalus disease, should be lateral ventricle external jugular vein anastomosis, or thoracic spinal canal anastomosis.
[Etiology:
1. True hydrocephalus intracranial infection with meningitis and brain abscess, the result of adhesion or arachnoid aqueduct obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid caused increased secretion or absorption decline, resulting in increased cerebrospinal fluid form of hydrocephalus.
2. False hydrocephalus side sinus thrombosis phlebitis caused the right-side or both sides of sinus side at the same time sinus thrombosis, venous stasis caused brain edema, hemorrhage cortex point, the softening of the brain tissue infarction and cerebral pressure suddenly, but CSF small ventricle is not expansion, but is smaller compression phenomenon, and are thus false hydrocephalus. Side sinus thrombosis with phlebitis rate of 2.5%.
[Clinical]
Persistent headache, nausea, visual sexual weakened, or even totally blind, and this can sometimes accompanied by eye muscle paralysis, and other outreach.

Pediatric Hydrocephalus to early surgery

Hydrocephalus with the sick child, the general performance of the head and trunk ratio is not great, before expanding on existing uplift, and sometimes linked with the post on existing, process forward forehead, scalp vein Nuzhang, orbital roof compression subsidence, as under the eyes , the exposed upper sclera, a "sunset" Zheng, head Kouji sound was broken pot. CT and MRI can be confirmed.
Hydrocephalus conservative treatment can be divided into two kinds of therapy and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment should always maintain the first high water restrictions, taking diuretics, its ineffective. Surgical treatment methods more, the current domestic use most of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, is through surgery will end Add to the lateral ventricle of silica gel and the other end Add abdominal subcutaneous buried in the middle and through anti-reflux pump connected, Hypertension Luqiang the cerebrospinal fluid into the abdominal cavity in. Peritoneal rely on the absorption re-absorption, ease intraventricular pressure, the brain cell growth and development.
The development of brain tissue after birth still continue its rapid development. Brain tissue at the time of birth weight of 350 g, 1-year-old, 900-g, 1-year-old only after the weight of growth slowed down to 1.5 kg adult brain weight. Therefore, when found in children with hydrocephalus, as soon as possible surgery, some patients after surgery and intellectual movement is expected to normal levels.

Hydrocephalus fetus during pregnancy

Hydrocephalus is a neural tube defects like disease, which is more genetic disease. In many genetic diseases, genetic and environmental factors based on the common role of incidence. However, the role of genetic factors is higher than that of the environmental factors, genetic factors are a major gene synergies. Environmental factors, including infections, drugs, toxins and noise. TORCH infections include (cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, rubella virus, herpes virus) infection.
Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women is a result of the fetus may be suffering from hydrocephalus. However, we can not rule out the existence of other pathogenic factors, and you do not know the method of inspection is what the investigation is pathogens or antibodies, antibody is what if antibodies such as IgA, IgM, IgG, and other. Therefore, I can not be sure that your child labor cytomegalovirus infection caused.
In addition cytomegalovirus infection can be treated, I hospitalized a good effect. Cure rate is very high.
You also can not be ruled out once again pregnant again in the possibility of hydrocephalus. Before pregnancy check can be done before pregnancy, pre-pregnancy guidance and preventive treatment before pregnancy (pre-pregnancy folic acid daily oral sustained 400 ug 3-6 months, can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects 80%). So, you with the best medical history, laboratory tests and so detailed materials to the genetic Jinan City Branch of MCH hospital to visit, to clear your last incidence of pregnancy and prepare for the next.

Characteristics of the treatment of hydrocephalus

(1) the situation, the urgency is Xingnao, ease the rule dirty.
Hydrocephalus "water" as a visible evil is, therefore, hydrocephalus can be evidence, but also the virtual standard of certification is, therefore, in the treatment of this disease, once and for all, with a view to recover. Visceral in the brain and the closely related to physiological and pathological effects on each other. Therefore, in addition to the hydrocephalus dysfunction of the brain itself, it can also be derived from dirty impact, therefore, hydrocephalus can be dirty rule, while Xingnao urgency, alleviate the rule dirty.
(B) Comprehensive Treatment
For the gods of the first brain functions important, and viscera, and other body parts of Meridian closely connected. Hydrocephalus complex etiology, whether internal or Liuyan could occur, and the condition hydrocephalus complex, varying clinical symptoms, course Touching, death rate, higher morbidity, poor clinical efficacy. Comprehensive treatment better than Western medicine surgery and drug therapy, traditional Chinese medicine is better than therapy. Therefore, in the treatment of multiple use of the combined therapy is very necessary.
(3) uphold treatment
Hydrocephalus is the medical profession recognized the disease, its symptoms complex, the course Touching Therefore, doctors and patients must have the confidence, persistence, patience, and adhere to treatment, before the desired effect.

Breast ill treatment by the principles and standards of

Generally speaking, when the breast by illness symptoms lighter, only mildly by the former breast pain, breast, scattered in small particles like nodules, and his condition does not affect life and work, can hold up bra to ease breast bulging breasts pain, not taking any drugs, only their clinical observation can be, in the absence of significant changes, every six months to a year to specialists Department inspections. When the symptoms more serious and affect the work or living, we need a different treatment to different situations. Common treatment methods include: Chinese medicine treatments, such as Chinese medicine, governance, governance, acupuncture; western medicine treatment, such as oral steroid drugs, iodine preparation and other symptomatic treatment drugs, surgical treatment, such as breast tumor resection of the breast alone resection, and other.
Breast and ill effects standards:
(1) clinical cure: mass disappeared, the pain disappeared milk, three months after the withdrawal does not relapse.
(2) effectual: narrowing the diameter of the largest mass 1 / 2 above, milk pain disappeared.
(3) Effective: ① narrow diameter of the largest mass less than 1 / 2, reducing pain milk; ② mass narrow 1 / 2, does not reduce breast pain.
(4) null and void: ① mass is not reduced, or increased it hardens; ② pure milk ease pain, and not narrow the masses.
Statistics in effect, the general statistics of its total efficiency and total efficiency significantly. Among them, with the former effective, and effectual cure rate; and the latter is effectual cure rate.

Treatment of breast sick commonly used by Western medicine

Treatment of breast illness commonly used by Western medicine, there are hormones and iodine agents and other symptomatic treatment drugs. Traditional hormones preparation is mainly used to combat male hormone estrogen, such as the menstrual period 10 days before the oral methyl testosterone-day, every 5 to 15 mg, served by the former stops, each treatment cycle total no more than 100 mg, or intramuscular testosterone propionate-3 ~ 4, 25 mg daily. Application of the male hormone treatment may be some side effects, if some masculine performance: more hair, deeper voice, acne, etc.; It may also have different degrees of liver damage, dizziness, nausea and other. After, people gradually recognized that the breast by illness is not simply to increase the secretion of estrogen, but because of estrogen and progesterone ratio imbalance, in particular the menstrual cycle in the luteal phase progesterone secretion inadequate, due to increased estrogen relative, so advocate the use of progesterone treatment of this disease, and to correct estrogen and progesterone secretion of imbalance in the two weeks before menstruation began, oral progesterone 7-8, 5 ~ 10 mg daily or weekly intramuscular injection of progesterone 2 times, 5 mg, 40 mg 20 to the total. Some people advocated the menstrual period with small doses of estrogen (1 mg) oral, serving a total of three weeks, after a further period of service, but gradually reduced, a reduction of dosage and frequency of use, a total of six menstrual medication cycle. Estrogen can be taken nausea, vomiting, headache, and other side effects, some patients with anti-aggravating Therefore, this method should be under the guidance of doctors, master volume and degree.
In recent years, hormone treatment of this disease have some new progress. Because hormone receptor on the progress of a breakthrough, it was recognized that the incidence of breast disease of the breast tissue with estrogen and progesterone receptor content and the increased sensitivity, therefore, started using the hormone receptor antagonist treatment disease. Estrogen receptor antagonist such as tamoxifen can be competitive with estrogen for the estrogen receptor, estrogen can not play its biological effects of tamoxifen oral treatment, 2 to 3 times a day, every , 10 mg, can be achieved certain results. But taking tamoxifen will have certain side effects, such as amenorrhea, hot flashes, nausea, etc.. In addition, it is also recognized that endocrine disorder caused by the illness is not just breast ovarian endocrine hormone imbalance, but also by the hypothalamus, pituitary hormones, and other impacts, such as prolactin and other gonadotropin. Bromocriptine inhibited the use of prolactin secretion, and to treat the disease, a daily oral bromocriptine times, 1.25 to 5 mg, that the side effects of nausea, vomiting, dizziness, etc. of orthostatic hypotension the use of danazol inhibited gonadotropin secretion and ovarian hormones, could use its oral treatment of this disease, three times a day, each 100 mg, 1 ~ 6 treatment, side effects that amenorrhea, menstruation hill, weight gain, acne, etc..
Small doses of administering iodine may stimulate the secretion of pituitary LH, thereby inhibiting the secretion of estrogen, the hormone luteal phase correct the imbalance in the ratio, in order to meet the increasing ill treatment of breast purposes. Iodine compound formulations used iodine solution or 10% of the potassium iodide solution.
Other symptomatic treatment can be used analgesic drugs, such as diuretics. It will also take vitamin drugs.

By ill after suffering from breast should pay attention to what?

With the female breast by illness, we should pay special attention to breast health, because although not every breast by sick patients will develop breast cancer, but as mentioned above, between the two in many respects a certain degree of contact Therefore, the breast should be attached great importance by illness.
First of all should pay attention to changes in the lives of some of the environmental factors, a fundamental measure to prevent breast by the further development of illness. Including the adjustment of the pace of life and reduce all kinds of pressure, improve mental state; attention to the creation of low-fat diet, not smoking, not drinking, and more activities, such as a healthy lifestyle; pay attention to preventing the Department of breast trauma, and so on.
In the breast by ill treatment process, we should actively cooperate with the doctor's diagnosis and treatment. Their trust in a hospital or a specialist to treat the relatively stable for a period of time, not to frequent change, so that doctors do not understand all the conditions and repetitive inspection or making incorrect; should persist in using the doctor's prescription drugs in the treatment End under treatment, not because of a moment I did not see the obvious effect of the therapy and give up easily, and start the new method in the course of treatment, some Yiji strictly abide by the principles, such as service during the traditional Chinese medicine should be Jishi cold, oily, fishy hair, spicy food, such as some drugs in the Blood Circulation stops menstrual period should be served in the course of treatment such as the flu and various infectious diseases, the first new treatment of acute, then the treatment of breast by illness. Breast is a chronic disease of the process, so their treatment is not drugs will be able to eat a few days to solve the problem immediately, but not because of suffering from breast by sick ate lifetime drug. Well, how grasp this scale? What kind of situation requires treatment, what kind of treatment can be suspended, how long after the cessation of treatment needed further treatment? This is in accordance with a set of different circumstances, not to generalize, and should be the rule from each of the doctors put forward specific proposals. For patients with speaking, they should pay attention to observe the changes in their own condition, a doctor at any time and exchange their feelings after treatment in the intermittent treatment, should learn how to self-censorship, found that attendance problems in a timely fashion; at least every six months to a medical examination by a government doctor. to enable those small changes can be detected at an early stage.
Because patients with breast disease of the older, longer history, and larger hard mass, mass and not so obvious relationship between menstruation, a family history of breast cancer, particularly those who have breast biopsy confirmed atypical hyperplasia, more prone to malignant transformation, therefore, patients should be more common in patients with hypertrophic more vigilance and, if necessary, may consider surgical biopsy.
Breast and sick patients should pay attention to the disease, it is necessary to have a correct understanding. Neither can be indifferent attitude towards it, that it does not hinder live and work and ignored, and not too tense, always fear it will one day become cancer anxiety over evil. Just imagine, if a breast by sick patients, do not attach importance to their own illness, never seriously examine and treat diseases continue to make development, their pain can not be disarmed, but also ignorant of a change I do not know, this is very detrimental to health; The Breast and focused too much on sick patients if their own illness, or even have a "fear of cancer", if the 30-year-old suffering from the disease of the breast, these concerns will have to moderate in time for decades, it is also harmful useless, and this may also increase the psychological burden condition. Only by correctly treating diseases, the disease can do a good job in the rehabilitation of health, effective in preventing the occurrence of breast cancer.

Early esophageal cancer is what performance

Esophageal cancer is a common malignancy, cancer of the digestive system, second only to cancer, it was the high incidence of esophageal cancer in the food was analyzed and found in the region hides vegetables, pickled vegetables and other foodstuffs, nitrate and Xiaoyan content of the relatively high in sauerkraut, there are also isolated from the tumor promoter and carcinogenic effects of indiscriminate mycophenolate. High consumption of the residents often long storage mouldy food, drink potent love squandering, likes to eat hot spicy food, they are suspicious incentives.
Esophageal cancer in high incidence area of nutrition survey, found that dietary vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C and calcium obviously inadequate. According to esophageal cancer in Henan Province Linxian collaboration of data, early detection of esophageal cancer after treatment, the five-year survival rate can be as high as 90%, we can see that, early detection of esophageal cancer prognosis is very important.
Early esophageal cancer in performance may not be apparent, in general, may be only the early throat of the foreign body sensation, or in rough swallowing food, foreign body sensation often even more obvious, and there may also be a foreign body sensation in the esophagus, or swallowing food in the slow down . Although these symptoms there is no specificity, however, the symptoms of this disease is increasing a major feature. These minor discomfort, patients are often mistakenly believe that the abrasions or esophageal hard to eat food that is not when the drinking water. Discomfort when swallowing can be improved without treatment, there can be repeated now, but the degree of dysphagia is often more severe. Some patients in the early, or may arise after the sternum of the burning Xinwo feelings, and disappeared the next, after the hospital for an examination, early often find reasons, but in the regions with a high incidence of esophageal cancer, such symptoms should also arouse sufficient attention.
China in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer, and has accumulated rich experience, and esophageal cancer in the census work, the application of "dragnet" approach to the seizure diagnosis, esophageal cancer, the positive rate of 90%. This method is to use a double-lumen tube resin, with a terminal connected to the network airbags, will be examined with net esophageal balloon Tianjin, after gently pull inflation, net friction contact with the esophageal mucosa, in order to adopt esophageal mucosa cell to carry out inspections. In addition, the application of suspicious patient swallowing barium X-ray examination or esophageal examination, early detection is a method of esophageal cancer.