Urolithiasis because of the major disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and other factors. The metabolic disorder patients compared concern. Although the formation of urinary stones and metabolic disorder of the relationship between the no final conclusion, but medical research personnel through years of research that could lead to disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism: high calcium urine, urinary oxalate high, high urinary uric acid, cystathionine Histidine urine, xanthine urine, such as a low urinary citrate. Specific causes can be divided into:
(1) high calcium urine: hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, primary distal renal tubular acidosis, medullary sponge kidney, sarcoidosis, vitamin D intoxication, milk alkali syndrome, bed-ridden, Cushing''s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, idiopathic high calcium urine (high absorbable calcium).
(2) high urinary oxalate: Primary high urinary oxalate, such as lack of vitamin B6.
(3) high urinary uric acid: gout, high blood uric acid and high urinary uric acid, leukemia, polycythemia vera disease, congenital enzyme deficiencies (such as glycogen storage disease), Xu moving choreoathetosis.
(4) cystine urine: a genetic defects.
(5) xanthine urine: autosomal recessive genetic disorder of purine metabolism.
(6) low urinary citrate: alkalosis, a hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D intoxication, acidosis, hypokalemia, urinary tract infection.
In addition, the disease and for some patients take large doses of vitamin D, vitamin C, glucocorticoid, Triamterene neopterin , tetracycline, such as aspirin can trigger kidney stones. Ulcers in patients with magnesium silicate formed Portland stone. Glaucoma patients taking acetazolamide can form calcium phosphate stones caused by over-saturated. Taking sulfa drugs, as acetyl derivatives excretion by the kidneys, in the low solubility in acidic urine, resulting in some patients with a stone.
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