Acute heart failure

Cause pathogenesis a broad acute myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis or aggressive type of hypertension, left ventricular output has fallen rapidly, increasing pressure on the pulmonary circulation. 2, mitral stenosis, especially when associated with tachycardia and ventricular diastolic shortened, left atrium full of blood flow to the left ventricular and left atrial hematoma expansion, which caused pulmonary venous hypertension. 3, serious arrhythmia, such as seizures over the long-rapid arrhythmia or severe bradycardia, left ventricular filling and reduce output, leading to the left atrium and pulmonary venous hypertension. 4, or too much too fast infusion, cardiac sudden increase in the load, the original left heart failure patients can cause acute pulmonary venous hypertension. As a result of these various causes of pulmonary venous and pulmonary capillary pressure suddenly increased significantly. When the pulmonary capillary osmotic pressure over 4.8 mmHg (36mmHg). there were a large number of serous exudates from the capillaries to the pulmonary interstitial and alveolar. Acute pulmonary edema in severe left ventricular output has fallen rapidly, there cardiogenic shock. Clinical manifestations patients often felt extreme difficulty breathing, forcing respiratory sit, expressions of fear, irritability, frequent coughing, 1,10 large white or bubble-like bloody sputum, can be serious when a large number of liquid bubble-like emission from the nose, paleness, lips purple sweat dripping, limbs damp and cool, wet lungs full of rales, cardiac auscultation may have legal Benma diastolic, pulse faster, was alternately veins. Blood pressure dropped, there will be severe cardiogenic shock. Diagnosis Based on the above diagnosis and clinical performance history of the disease should identify and bronchial asthma. A treatment, sedation subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of morphine 5-10mg ampules or 50-100mg, patients quiet, peripheral expansion, upon reflection reduce output, to reduce dyspnea. For the elderly, disoriented, and have respiratory depression, shock or pulmonary infection banned. 2, the high-pressure oxygen flow of oxygen per minute or 6 -8, 25-70% alcohol flowing through after inhaling through the nose tube, Pressure can be reduced alveolar fluid leakage, alcohol can reduce the surface tension of the bubble to make a bubble burst, thereby improving ventilation, can also use silicone defoamer bubble. 3, reducing venous return from patients sitting or lying position, legs and drooping to reduce venous return and, when necessary, available tourniquet in the limbs, ligation three limbs rotation every five minutes for a body, the average body Nazarbayev 15 minutes, relax 5 minutes to ensure that recycling is not affected limb. 4. intravenous diuretic effect fast and strong diuretics such as furosemide 20-40mg sodium or diuretic 25-40mg to Portugal along with intravenous sugar, in order to reduce blood volume, reduce heart stress, should be taken to prevent or rectify substantial diuretic accompanied by the hypokalemia and hypovolemia. 5, the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside infusion or phentolamine to reduce pressure on the pulmonary circulation. But attention should not cause hypotension, can sublingual nitroglycerin or isosorbide two lower pulmonary venous pressure. 6, cardiac drugs such as digitalis recently not used drugs, could rapid intravenous injection of digitalis preparations. If the West to Portland, drugs, Mao Xuan strophanthinik on, and so on mitral stenosis caused by pulmonary edema, In addition accompanied by the rapid ventricular rate of atrial fibrillation, cardiac drugs not as a result of the right ventricle increased output increased lung congestion. 7, accompanied by aminophylline right bronchial spasm can be chosen, Aminophylline 0.25 g to 10% glucose solution 20 ml of diluted slow intravenous injection to reduce the bronchial spasm, expansion and strengthening of coronary diuretic. Side effects : VPB and / or ventricular tachycardia. It should be pursued cautiously. 8. glucocorticoid hydrocortisone and prednisone 100-200 mg or 10 mg of dexamethasone to intravenous glucose solution will also help lung Edema control. 9, the original cause of the disease and treatment if rapid onset arrhythmias, the rapid control.