What is hydronephrosis

Urinary system since the beginning until the urethral kidney mouth, For continuous pipeline system. The urine from the urinary channel depends on the patency, and normal urinary function. Any parts of urinary tract stenosis or obstruction, as well as pipeline neuromuscular dysfunction of normal, there can be obstacles through urine, causing urinary obstruction, urinary obstruction due to the above position and pressure from the sluggish gradually increased lumen expansion, which eventually led to kidney stagnant water, expansion, renal parenchyma thinning, renal dysfunction, if bilateral obstruction, a uremia serious consequences. Lead urinary obstruction has many causes, can be congenital, such as the kidney, ureteropelvic junction stenosis, urethral valve, horseshoe kidney, acquired diseases such as stones, tumors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder neck contracture, and so on. It can also be a urinary tract, or the fiber with obstruction caused mass oppression, such as retroperitoneal fibrosis, lymphoma, and so on. It can also be a urinary tract neuromuscular obstacles such as megaureter disease. Obstruction and sub-acute and chronic, acute renal obstruction to complete loss of function in a short time, and hydronephrosis not very obvious. Chronic obstructive hydrocephalus can kidneys than 1000 ml. Once infected with hydronephrosis, obstruction if not promptly removed and difficult to cure infection, kidney infection and speed up the destruction of a vicious circle, and even renal abscess formation. Clinical manifestations 1. Original onset of symptoms, such as pain stones, tumors have hematuria, a urethral stricture voiding difficulties. 2. Stagnant water side waist pain. 3. Concurrent infection chills, fever, pyuria. 4. Side waist cystic mass. 5. Bilateral obstruction in chronic renal insufficiency, uremia. Diagnosis 1. Low back pain, waist cystic mass. 2. Ultrasound: kidney volume increased cortical thinning, the real size of the dark areas. 3. X-ray intravenous urography showed hydronephrosis. 4. Radionuclide renography, obstructive kidney map. 5. Retrograde intubation by ureteral angiography showed hydronephrosis. Treatment principles 1. Remove the causes and lifting obstruction. 2. Situation can be bad or complex etiology first percutaneous nephrostomy drainage Lou kidney. 3. Severe hydronephrosis or renal abscess, the contralateral kidney function is good to nephrectomy. Medication principle 1. Medication are mainly aimed at the before and after surgery to prevent, control infection. 2. As far as possible without the use of renal damage and harm small drugs. Supplementary examination 1. General Case check box restrictions "A" can be. 2. Complex diagnosis unaccounted for or can be added at the "B" and "C" in the two ad hoc inspections. Evaluation 1. Cure: the elimination of causes, urinary patency, infection control, renal function recovered. 2. Turn for the better: Kidney-made drainage Lou, urinary diversion, infection control, etiology has not fully disarm. 3. Surprised me: etiology not lifted, urinary obstruction remains. Experts suggested that Hydronephrosis obstruction if not lifted, will eventually lead to the loss of renal function. The purpose of treatment is to maximize preservation of renal function. As long as not very serious hydronephrosis, when the lifting of obstruction, renal function will have varying degrees of improvement and therefore do not easily stagnant water nephrectomy. Chronic obstructive side, the other side of acute obstruction, they must first disarm the side of acute obstruction, if both are chronic obstructive, and complicated surgery should not fight for a lifting of bilateral obstruction, or preferences for the side from doing anything more complex simple side; if his condition very poor, uremia heavier, they should first artificial kidney dialysis, to be generally improved after surgery at the lifting of obstruction, the second time under the condition decision surgery, a patient can the principle of tolerance . Bilateral obstruction after lifting a diuretic stage, should pay special attention to water and electrolyte balance.